Picato

Overdose

Overdosing of Picato could result in an increased incidence of local skin responses. Management of overdose should consist of treatment of clinical symptoms.

Shelf life

2 years

Incompatibilities

Not applicable.

List of excipients

Isopropyl alcohol

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Citric acid monohydrate

Sodium citrate

Benzyl alcohol

Purified water

Pharmaceutical form

Gel.

Clear colourless gel.

Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile

The most frequently reported adverse reactions are local skin responses including erythema, flaking/scaling, crusting, swelling, vesiculation/pustulation and erosion/ulceration at the application site of ingenol mebutate gel, see table 1 for MedDRA terms. Following the application of ingenol mebutate, most patients (>95%) experienced one or more local skin response(s). Infection at the application site has been reported when treating face and scalp.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

Table 1 reflects exposure to Picato 150 mcg/g or 500 mcg/g in 499 patients with actinic keratosis treated in four vehicle controlled phase 3 studies enrolling a total of 1,002 patients and post-marketing reports. Patients received field treatment (area of 25 cm2) with Picato at concentrations of 150 mcg/g or 500 mcg/g or vehicle once daily for 3 or 2 consecutive days respectively.

The table below presents adverse reactions by MedDRA system organ class and anatomical location.

Frequencies have been defined according to the following convention:

Very common (>1/10); common (>1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

*: Application site swelling on the face or scalp may gravitate to the eye area

***: Including application site burning.

Description of selected adverse reactions

The incidence of local skin responses that occurred at an incidence >1% in both the 'face/scalp' and the 'trunk/extremities', respectively are: application site erythema (94% and 92%), application site exfoliation (85% and 90%), application site scab (80% and 74%), application site swelling (79% and 64%), application site vesicles (13% and 20%), application site pustules (43% and 23%) and application site erosion (31% and 25%).

Severe local skin responses occurred with an incidence of 29% on the face and scalp and with an incidence of 17% on the trunk and extremities. The incidence of severe local skin responses that occurred at an incidence >1% in both the 'face/scalp' and the 'trunk/extremities', respectively are: application site erythema (24% and 15%), application site exfoliation (9% and 8%), application site scab (6% and 4%), application site swelling (5% and 3%) and application site pustules (5% and 1%).

Long-term follow up

A total of 198 patients with complete clearance at day 57 (184 treated with Picato and 14 treated with vehicle) were followed for additionally 12 months. In another study, 329 patients who were initially treated with cryotherapy on the face/scalp were randomised after three weeks to either Picato 150 mcg/g (n=158) or vehicle (n=150) for 3 days in the same area. 149 patients in the Picato group and 140 in the vehicle group were followed for 12 months. In a later study 450 patients were initially treated with Picato 150 mcg/g, of these 134 patients were randomised to a second treatment course of Picato 150 mcg/g and the patients followed for up to 12 months after the first treatment.

These results did not change the safety profile of Picato.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:

Yellow Card Scheme

Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard

Preclinical safety data

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated-dose toxicity and genotoxicity.

The non-clinical safety studies demonstrate that cutaneous administration of ingenol mebutate gel is well tolerated with any skin irritation being reversible and a negligible risk of systemic toxicity under the recommended conditions of use.

In rats, ingenol mebutate was not associated with fetal developmental effects at IV doses up to 5 mcg/kg/day (30 mcg/m2/day). In rabbits there were no major abnormalities. Minor fetal abnormalities or variants were observed in the fetuses of treated dams at doses of 1 mcg/kg/day (12 mcg/m2/day).

Therapeutic indications

Picato is indicated for the cutaneous treatment of non-hyperkeratotic, non-hypertrophic actinic keratosis in adults.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use, other chemotherapeutics, ATC code: D06BX02.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of ingenol mebutate for use in actinic keratosis remains to be fully characterised. In vivo and in vitro models have shown a dual mechanism of action for the effects of ingenol mebutate: 1) induction of local lesion cell death and 2) promoting an inflammatory response characterised by local production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and infiltration of immunocompetent cells.

Pharmacodynamic effects

Results from two clinical studies on biological effects of ingenol mebutate have shown that topical administration induced epidermal necrosis and a profound inflammatory response in both epidermis and the upper dermis of the treated skin, dominated by infiltrating T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Necrosis in the dermis was rarely observed.

Gene expression profiles of skin biopsies from the treated areas is suggestive of inflammatory responses and response to wounding, which is consistent with the histology assessments.

Non-invasive examination of the treated skin by reflectance confocal microscopy have shown that the skin changes induced by ingenol mebutate were reversible, with almost complete normalisation of all measured parameters on day 57 after treatment, which is supported also by clinical findings and studies in animals.

Clinical efficacy and safety

The efficacy and safety of Picato 150 mcg/g, administered on the face or scalp for 3 consecutive days was studied in two double-blind, vehicle-controlled, clinical studies including 547 adult patients. Likewise the efficacy and safety of Picato 500 mcg/g, administered on the trunk and extremities for 2 consecutive days was studied in two double-blind, vehicle-controlled, clinical studies including 458 adult patients. Patients continued in the studies for an 8 week follow-up period during which they returned for clinical observations and safety monitoring. Efficacy, measured as complete and partial clearance rate, as well as median percent reduction, was assessed at day 57 (see table 2).

Patients had 4 to 8 clinically typical, visible, discrete, non-hyperkeratotic, non-hypertrophic, actinic keratosis lesions within a contiguous 25 cm2 treatment area on the face or scalp or on the trunk or extremities. On each scheduled dosing day, the study gel was applied to the entire treatment area.

The compliance rate was high, with 98% of the patients completing these studies.

Study patients ranged from 34 to 89 years of age (mean 64 and 66 years, respectively, for the two strengths) and 94% had Fitzpatrick skin type I, II, or III.

At day 57, patients treated with Picato had higher complete and partial clearance rates than patients treated with vehicle gel (p<0.001). The median percent reduction in actinic keratosis lesions was higher in the group treated with ingenol mebutate compared to the vehicle group (see table 2).

The level of efficacy varied between the individual anatomical locations. Within each location the complete and partial clearance rates were higher in the group treated with ingenol mebutate compared to the vehicle group (see table 3 and 4).

Safety of Picato 150 mcg/g treatment for 3 days or Picato 500 mcg/g treatment for 2 days was assessed up to day 57, the majority of the reported adverse reactions and local skin responses were mild to moderate in intensity and all resolved without sequelae.

Statistically significant differences in patient reported outcomes were observed in favour of patients receiving Picato compared to those receiving vehicle gel. Higher mean patient global satisfaction scores, indicating a higher level of overall satisfaction, were seen in the ingenol mebutate groups compared to the vehicle groups (p<0.001) as measured by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM).

Long term efficacy

Three prospective, observational long term 1 year follow-up studies were conducted to evaluate sustained efficacy by recurrence of actinic keratosis lesions in the treatment field, and safety in patients who had received treatment with Picato. One study included patients treated with Picato 150 mcg/g on the face or scalp for 3 days and two studies included patients treated with Picato 500 mcg/g on the trunk or extremities for 2 days. Only those patients who achieved complete clearance in the treated area at the end of the phase 3 studies (day 57) were eligible for long term follow-up. Patients were followed every 3 months for 12 months (see table 5).

Risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma

At end of study (day 57), the rate of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) reported in the treatment area was comparable in patients treated with ingenol mebutate gel (0.3%, 3 of 1,165 patients) and in vehicle treated patients (0.3%, 2 of 632 patients) in the actinic keratosis clinical studies conducted with ingenol mebutate gel.

SCC in the treatment area was reported in no patients (0 of 184 patients previously treated with ingenol mebutate gel) in the three prospective, observational long term 1 year follow-up studies.

Experience with more than one treatment course

In a double blind, vehicle-controlled study, up to two treatment courses of Picato 150 mcg/g were administered to 450 patients with 4-8 AKs in a 25 cm2 treatment area on the face or scalp. Patients, in whom a first treatment course did not lead to complete clearance of all AKs in the treatment area after 8 weeks, were randomised to another treatment course with Picato or vehicle. Patients in whom the first treatment course led to complete clearance were seen at 26 and 44 weeks and randomised to a second treatment course if they had a recurrence in the field. In all patients, assessment of efficacy was 8 weeks after the randomisation. The first treatment course, given open label, resulted in a complete clearance rate of 62% (277/450). The results of the randomised and blinded second treatment course are presented in table 6.

Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp, sequential use after cryotherapy

In a two-arm study, 329 adult patients with AK on the face or scalp were randomised to treatment with Picato gel, 150 mcg/g or vehicle 3 weeks after cryotherapy of all visible lesions in the treatment area. The study enrolled patients with 4 to 8 clinically typical, visible, discrete non-hypertrophic and non-hyperkeratotic AK lesions within a 25 cm2 contiguous treatment area.

Eleven weeks after baseline which is 8 weeks after Picato gel or vehicle, the complete clearance rate was 61% among patients randomised to Picato gel, and 49% among patients randomised to vehicle. At 12 months, the complete clearance rates in these groups were 31% and 19% respectively. The percent reduction of the AK count in the Picato group was 83% at 11 weeks and 57% at 12 months, where in the vehicle group it was 78% at 11 weeks and 42% at 12 months. The mean number of AKs in the Picato group was 5.7 at baseline, 0.8 at week 11, and 0.9 at month 12 as opposed to 5.8, 1.0 and 1.2 in the vehicle group at these time points.

Safety results from the study were comparable to the safety profile of Picato gel, 150 mcg/g as monotherapy

Experience with treatment of a larger area

In a double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate systemic exposure, Picato 500 mcg/g, from 4 tubes, was applied to a 100 cm2 contiguous treatment area daily for 2 consecutive days. Results demonstrated no systemic absorption.

Picato 500 mcg/g was well tolerated when applied to a contiguous treatment area of 100 cm2 on the trunk and extremities.

In a double-blind, vehicle-controlled study in patients with AK on trunk and extremities, an investigational product with ingenol mebutate gel 600 mcg/g was applied once daily for 2, 3, or 4 days to a skin area of 250 cm2. The trial included a large group of severely sun-damaged patients. 12/163 subjects treated with an investigational product of ingenol mebutate reported 16 skin tumour events inside the treatment area (1 SCC, 1 Bowen's disease and 14 keratoacanthoma following centralised pathology review) compared to 0/61 in the vehicle group.

Paediatric population

Elderly population

Of the 1,165 patients treated with Picato in the actinic keratosis clinical studies conducted with ingenol mebutate gel, 656 patients (56%) were 65 years and older, while 241 patients (21%) were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between younger and older patients.

Pharmacokinetic properties

The systemic pharmacokinetic profile of ingenol mebutate and its metabolites has not been characterised in humans due to the absence of quantifiable whole blood levels following cutaneous administration.

Absorption

No systemic absorption was detected at or above the lower limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL) when Picato 500 mcg/g from 4 tubes was applied to an area of 100 cm2 on the dorsal forearm in actinic keratosis patients once daily for 2 consecutive days.

In vitro study results demonstrate that ingenol mebutate does not inhibit or induce human cytochrome P450 isoforms.

Date of revision of the text

13 July 2017

Name of the medicinal product

Picato 150 micrograms/gram gel

Marketing authorisation holder

LEO Laboratories Ltd.

285 Cashel Road

Crumlin, Dublin 12

Ireland

Special precautions for storage

Store in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C).

Tubes should be discarded after first opening.

Nature and contents of container

Single-dose laminate tubes with inner layer of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and aluminium as the barrier layer. Caps of HDPE.

Picato 150 mcg/g gel is available in a carton containing 3 tubes with 0.47 g of gel each.

Marketing authorisation number(s)

EU/1/12/796/001

Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There are no data from the use of ingenol mebutate in pregnant women. Animal studies showed slight embryo-fetal toxicity. Risks to humans receiving cutaneous treatment with ingenol mebutate are considered unlikely as Picato is not absorbed systemically. As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of Picato during pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

No effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are anticipated as Picato is not absorbed systemically. The nursing mother should be instructed that physical contact between her newborn/infant and the treated area should be avoided for a period of 6 hours after application of Picato.

Fertility

No fertility studies have been performed with ingenol mebutate.

Qualitative and quantitative composition

Each gram of gel contains 150 mcg of ingenol mebutate. Each tube contains 70 mcg of ingenol mebutate in 0.47 g of gel.

Special warnings and precautions for use

Eye exposure

Contact with the eyes can cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal burns. Patients should wash their hands thoroughly after applying the gel and following any contact with the treated area, to avoid inadvertent transfer of the gel to the eyes. If accidental exposure occurs, the eyes should be flushed immediately with large amounts of water, and the patient should seek medical care as soon as possible. Eye disorders such as eye pain, eyelid oedema and periorbital oedema should be expected to occur after accidental eye exposure of Picato.

Ingestion

Picato must not be ingested. If accidental ingestion occurs the patient should drink plenty of water and seek medical care.

General

Administration of Picato is not recommended until the skin is healed from treatment with any previous medicinal product or surgical treatment and should not be applied to open wounds or damaged skin where the skin barrier is compromised.

Picato should not be used near the eyes, on the inside of the nostrils, on the inside of the ears or on the lips.

Local skin responses

Local skin responses such as erythema, flaking/scaling, and crusting should be expected to occur after cutaneous application of Picato. Localised skin responses are transient and typically occur within 1 day of treatment initiation and peak in intensity up to 1 week following completion of treatment. Localised skin responses typically resolve within 2 weeks of treatment initiation when treating areas on the face and scalp and within 4 weeks of treatment initiation when treating areas on the trunk and extremities. Treatment effect may not be adequately assessed until resolution of local skin responses.

Sun exposure

Studies have been conducted to assess the effects of UV irradiation of the skin following single and multiple applications of ingenol mebutate gel, 100 mcg/g. Ingenol mebutate gel did not demonstrate any potential for photo irritation or photo allergic effects. However, due to the nature of the disease, excessive exposure to sunlight (including sunlamps and tanning beds) should be avoided or minimised.

Keratoacanthoma

Reports of keratoacanthoma occurring within the treatment area with a time to onset ranging from weeks to months following use of ingenol mebutate gel have been received from a post-authorisation clinical trial. Health care professionals should advise patients to be vigilant for any lesions developing within the treatment area and to seek medical advice immediately should any occur.

Management of actinic keratosis

Lesions clinically atypical for actinic keratosis or suspicious for malignancy should be biopsied to determine appropriate treatment.

Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Picato has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.

Dosage (Posology) and method of administration

Posology

Actinic keratosis on the face and scalp in adults

One tube of Picato 150 mcg/g gel (containing 70 mcg ingenol mebutate) should be applied once daily to the affected area for 3 consecutive days.

Optimal therapeutic effect can be assessed approximately 8 weeks after treatment.

A repeat treatment course of Picato can be given if an incomplete response is seen at a follow-up examination after 8 weeks or if lesions that are cleared at this examination recur in subsequent examinations.

Paediatric population

There is no relevant use of Picato in the paediatric population.

Elderly population

No dose adjustment is required.

Immunocompromised patients

Clinical data on treatment in immunocompromised patients is not available, but systemic risks are not expected since ingenol mebutate is not absorbed systemically.

Method of administration

The content of one tube covers a treatment area of 25 cm2 (e.g. 5 cm x 5 cm). The tube is for single use only and should be discarded after use.

The gel from the tube should be squeezed onto a fingertip and spread evenly over the entire treatment area, allowing it to dry for 15 minutes. The content of one tube should be used for one treatment area of 25 cm2.

For single use only.

For treatment of the neck:

If more than half of the treatment area is located in the upper part of the neck, Picato 150 mcg/g gel should be used at the posology for face and scalp. If more than half of the treatment area is located in the lower part of the neck, Picato 500 mcg/g gel should be used at the posology for trunk and extremities.

If an area on the face or scalp and another area on the trunk or extremities are simultaneously treated, then patients should be advised to ensure they use the appropriate strengths. Care should be exercised not to apply the Picato 500 mcg/g gel on the face or scalp as this could lead to a higher incidence of local skin responses.

Patients should be instructed to wash their hands with soap and water, immediately after applying Picato and between topical applications if two different areas require different strengths. If treating the hands, only the fingertip which is used for applying the gel should be washed.

Washing and touching the treated area should be avoided for a period of 6 hours after application of Picato. After this period, the treatment area may be washed using mild soap and water.

Picato should not be applied immediately after taking a shower or less than 2 hours before bedtime.

The treated area should not be covered with occlusive bandages after Picato is applied.

Special precautions for disposal and other handling

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation

Date of first authorisation: 15 November 2012

Date of latest renewal: 13 July 2017

Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

No interaction studies have been performed. Interactions with systemically absorbed medicinal products are considered unlikely as Picato is not absorbed systemically.