Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue and dry mouth have been reported with overdose of fexofenadine hydrochloride. Single doses up to 800 mg and doses up to 690 mg twice daily for 1 month or 240 mg once daily for 1 year have been administered to healthy subjects without the development of clinically significant adverse reactions as compared with placebo. The maximum tolerated dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride has not been established.
Standard measures should be considered to remove any unabsorbed medicinal product. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Haemodialysis does not effectively remove fexofenadine hydrochloride from blood.
Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue and dry mouth have been reported with overdose of Alerfedine. Single doses up to 800 mg and doses up to 690 mg twice daily for 1 month or 240 mg once daily for 1 year have been administered to healthy subjects without the development of clinically significant adverse reactions as compared with placebo. The maximum tolerated dose of Alerfedine has not been established.
Standard measures should be considered to remove any unabsorbed medicinal product. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Haemodialysis does not effectively remove Alerfedine from blood.
Not applicable
Not Applicable
The following frequency rating has been used, when applicable:
Very common >1/10; Common >1/100 and <1/10; Uncommon >1/1,000 and <1/100; Rare >1/10,000 and <1/1,000; Very rare <1/10,000 and not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
In adults, the following undesirable effects have been reported in clinical trials, with an incidence similar to that observed with placebo:
Nervous system disorders
Common: headache, drowsiness, dizziness
Gastrointestinal disorders
Common: nausea
General disorders and administration site conditions
Uncommon: fatigue
In adults, the following undesirable effects have been reported in post-marketing surveillance. The frequency with which they occur is not known (can not be estimated from available data):
Immune system disorders
hypersensitivity reactions with manifestations such as angioedema, chest tightness, dyspnoea, flushing and systemic anaphylaxis
Psychiatric disorders
insomnia, nervousness, sleep disorders or nightmares/excessive dreaming (paroniria)
Cardiac disorders
tachycardia, palpitations
Gastrointestinal disorders
diarrhoea
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
rash, urticaria, pruritus
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
The following frequency rating has been used, when applicable:
Very common >1/10;
Common >1/100 and <1/10;
Uncommon >1/1,000 and <1/100;
Rare >1/10,000 and <1/1,000;
Very rare <1/10,000
and not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
In adults, the following undesirable effects have been reported in clinical trials, with an incidence similar to that observed with placebo:
Nervous system disorders
Common: headache, drowsiness, dizziness
Gastrointestinal disorders
Common: nausea
General disorders and administration site conditions
Uncommon: fatigue
In adults, the following undesirable effects have been reported in post-marketing surveillance. The frequency with which they occur is not known (can not be estimated from available data):
Immune system disorders
hypersensitivity reactions with manifestations such as angioedema, chest tightness, dyspnoea, flushing and systemic anaphylaxis
Psychiatric disorders
insomnia, nervousness, sleep disorders or nightmares/excessive dreaming (paroniria)
Cardiac disorders:
tachycardia and, palpitations
Gastrointestinal disorders
diarrhoea
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
rash, urticaria, pruritus
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme.
Website: https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/
Dogs tolerated 450 mg/kg administered twice daily for 6 months and showed no toxicity other than occasional emesis. Also, in single dose dog and rodent studies, no treatment-related gross findings were observed following necropsy.
Radiolabelled fexofenadine hydrochloride in tissue distribution studies of the rat indicated that fexofenadine did not cross the blood brain barrier.
Fexofenadine hydrochloride was found to be non-mutagenic in various in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity tests.
The carcinogenic potential of fexofenadine hydrochloride was assessed using terfenadine studies with supporting pharmacokinetic studies showing fexofenadine hydrochloride exposure (via plasma AUC values). No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in rats and mice given terfenadine (up to 150 mg/kg/day).
In a reproductive toxicity study in mice, fexofenadine hydrochloride did not impair fertility, was not teratogenic and did not impair pre- or postnatal development.
Dogs tolerated 450 mg/kg administered twice daily for 6 months and showed no toxicity other than occasional emesis. Also, in single dose dog and rodent studies, no treatment-related gross findings were observed following necropsy.
Radiolabelled Alerfedine in tissue distribution studies of the rat indicated that fexofenadine did not cross the blood brain barrier.
Alerfedine was found to be non-mutagenic in various in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity tests.
The carcinogenic potential of Alerfedine was assessed using terfenadine studies with supporting pharmacokinetic studies showing Alerfedine exposure (via plasma AUC values). No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in rats and mice given terfenadine (up to 150 mg/kg/day).
In a reproductive toxicity study in mice, Alerfedine did not impair fertility, was not teratogenic and did not impair pre- or postnatal development.
Alerfedine 120 mg is indicated in adults and children 12 years and older for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Alerfedine 180mg is indicated in adults and children 12 years and older for the relief of symptoms associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antihistamines for systemic use, ATC code: R06A X26
Mechanism of action
Fexofenadine hydrochloride is a non-sedating H1 antihistamine. Fexofenadine is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine.
Clinical efficacy and safety
Human histamine wheal and flare studies following single and twice daily doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride demonstrate that the medicinal product exhibits an antihistaminic effect beginning within one hour, achieving maximum at 6 hours and lasting 24 hours. There was no evidence of tolerance to these effects after 28 days of dosing. A positive dose-response relationship between doses of 10 mg to 130 mg taken orally was found to exist. In this model of antihistaminic activity, it was found that doses of at least 130 mg were required to achieve a consistent effect that was maintained over a 24 hour period. Maximum inhibition in skin wheal and flare areas were greater than 80%. Clinical studies conducted in seasonal allergic rhinitis have shown that a dose of 120 mg is sufficient for 24 hour efficacy.
No significant differences in QTc intervals were observed in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients given fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 240 mg twice daily for 2 weeks when compared to placebo. Also, no significant change in QTc intervals was observed in healthy subjects given fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 60 mg twice daily for 6 months, 400 mg twice daily for 6.5 days and 240 mg once daily for 1 year, when compared to placebo. Fexofenadine at concentrations 32 times greater than the therapeutic concentration in man had no effect on the delayed rectifier K+ channel cloned from human heart.
Fexofenadine hydrochloride (5-10 mg/kg po) inhibited antigen induced bronchospasm in sensitised guinea pigs and inhibited histamine release at supratherapeutic concentrations (10-100 μM) from peritoneal mast cells.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antihistamines for systemic use, ATC code: R06A X26
Mechanism of action
Alerfedine is a non-sedating H1 antihistamine. Fexofenadine is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine.
Clinical efficacy and safety
Human histamine wheal and flare studies following single and twice daily doses of Alerfedine demonstrate that the medicinal product exhibits an antihistaminic effect beginning within one hour, achieving maximum at 6 hours and lasting 24 hours. There was no evidence of tolerance to these effects after 28 days of dosing. A positive dose-response relationship between doses of 10 mg to 130 mg taken orally was found to exist. In this model of antihistaminic activity, it was found that doses of at least 130 mg were required to achieve a consistent effect that was maintained over a 24 hour period. Maximum inhibition in skin wheal and flare areas were greater than 80%.
No significant differences in QTc intervals were observed in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients given Alerfedine up to 240 mg twice daily for 2 weeks when compared to placebo. Also, no significant change in QTc intervals was observed in healthy subjects given Alerfedine up to 60 mg twice daily for 6 months, 400 mg twice daily for 6.5 days and 240 mg once daily for 1 year, when compared to placebo. Fexofenadine at concentrations 32 times greater than the therapeutic concentration in man had no effect on the delayed rectifier K+ channel cloned from human heart.
Alerfedine (5-10 mg/kg po) inhibited antigen induced bronchospasm in sensitised guinea pigs and inhibited histamine release at supratherapeutic concentrations (10-100 μM) from peritoneal mast cells.
Absorption
Fexofenadine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed into the body following oral administration, with Tmax occurring at approximately 1-3 hours post dose. The mean Cmax value was approximately 427 ng/ml following the administration of a 120 mg dose once daily.
Distribution
Fexofenadine is 60-70% plasma protein bound.
Biotransformation and elimination
Fexofenadine undergoes negligible metabolism (hepatic or non-hepatic), as it was the only major compound identified in urine and faeces of animals and man. The plasma concentration profiles of fexofenadine follow a bi-exponential decline with a terminal elimination half-life ranging from 11 to 15 hours after multiple dosing. The single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine are linear for oral doses up to 120 mg BID. A dose of 240 mg BID produced slightly greater than proportional increase (8.8%) in steady state area under the curve, indicating that fexofenadine pharmacokinetics are practically linear at these doses between 40 mg and 240 mg taken daily. The major route of elimination is believed to be via biliary excretion while up to 10% of ingested dose is excreted unchanged through the urine.
Absorption
Alerfedine is rapidly absorbed into the body following oral administration, with Tmax occurring at approximately 1-3 hours post dose. The mean Cmax value was approximately 494 ng/ml following the administration of a 180 mg dose once daily.
Distribution
Fexofenadine is 60-70% plasma protein bound.
Biotransformation and elimination
Fexofenadine undergoes negligible metabolism (hepatic or non-hepatic), as it was the only major compound identified in urine and faeces of animals and man. The plasma concentration profiles of fexofenadine follow a bi-exponential decline with a terminal elimination half-life ranging from 11 to 15 hours after multiple dosing. The single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine are linear for oral doses up to 120 mg BID. A dose of 240 mg BID produced slightly greater than proportional increase (8.8%) in steady state area under the curve, indicating that fexofenadine pharmacokinetics are practically linear at these doses between 40 mg and 240 mg taken daily. The major route of elimination is believed to be via biliary excretion while up to 10% of ingested dose is excreted unchanged through the urine.
As with most new medicinal products there is only limited data in the elderly and renally or hepatically impaired patients. Fexofenadine hydrochloride should be administered with care in these special groups.
Patients with a history of or ongoing cardiovascular disease should be warned that, antihistamines as a medicine class, have been associated with the adverse reactions, tachycardia and palpitations.
As with most new medicinal products there is only limited data in the older people and renally or hepatically impaired patients. Alerfedine should be administered with care in these special groups.
Patients with a history of or ongoing cardiovascular disease should be warned that, antihistamines as a medicine class, have been associated with the adverse reactions, tachycardia and palpitations.
On the basis of the pharmacodynamic profile and reported adverse reactions it is unlikely that fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets will produce an effect on the ability to drive or use machines. In objective tests, Alerfedine has been shown to have no significant effects on central nervous system function. This means that patients may drive or perform tasks that require concentration. However, in order to identify sensitive people who have an unusual reaction to medicinal products, it is advisable to check the individual response before driving or performing complicated tasks.
On the basis of the pharmacodynamic profile and reported adverse reactions it is unlikely that Alerfedine tablets will produce an effect on the ability to drive or use machines.
In objective tests, Alerfedine has been shown to have no significant effects on central nervous system function. This means that patients may drive or perform tasks that require concentration. However, in order to identify sensitive people who have an unusual reaction to medicinal products, it is advisable to check the individual response before driving or performing complicated tasks.
Posology
Adults
The recommended dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for adults is 120 mg once daily taken before a meal.
Fexofenadine is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine.
Paediatric population
- Children aged 12 years and over
The recommended dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for children aged 12 years and over is 120 mg one daily taken before a meal.
- Children under 12 years of age
The efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride 120 mg has not been studied in children under 12.
In children from 6 to 11 years of age: fexofenadine hydrochloride 30 mg tablet is the appropriate formulation for administration and dosing in this population.
Special populations
Studies in special risk groups (elderly, renally or hepatically impaired patients) indicate that it is not necessary to adjust the dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride in these patients.
Posology
Adults
The recommended dose of Alerfedine for adults is 180 mg once daily taken before a meal. Fexofenadine is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine.
Paediatric population
- Children aged 12 years and over
The recommended dose of Alerfedine for children aged 12 years and over is 180 mg once daily taken before a meal.
- Children under 12 years of age
The efficacy and safety of Alerfedine 180 mg has not been studied in children under 12.
Special populations
Studies in special risk groups (older people, renally or hepatically impaired patients) indicate that it is not necessary to adjust the dose of Alerfedine in these patients.
No special requirements.
No special requirements.
