The relative fibrin specificity notwithstanding, a clinical significant reduction in fibrinogen and other blood coagulation components may occur after overdosage. In most cases, it is sufficient to await the physiological regeneration of these factors after the Actilyse Cathflo therapy has been terminated. If, however, severe bleeding results, the infusion of fresh frozen plasma is recommended and if necessary, synthetic antifibrinolytics may be administered.
3 years
Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 24 hours at 2 °C - 8 °C and for 8 hours at 25 °C.
From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately after reconstitution. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and would normally not be longer than 24 hours at 2 to 8°C.
The reconstituted solution may be diluted with sterile sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9 %) solution for injection up to a minimal concentration of 0.2 mg alteplase per ml.
Further dilution, the use of water for injections for dilution or in general the use of carbohydrate infusion solutions, e.g. dextrose, is not recommended due to increasing formation of turbidity of the reconstituted solution.
Actilyse Cathflo should not be mixed with other medicinal products (not even with heparin).
Powder:
Arginine
Phosphoric acid (for pH-adjustment)
Polysorbate 80
Powder for solution for injection and infusion.
The powder is presented as a colourless to pale yellow lyophilizate cake. The reconstituted preparation is a clear and colourless to pale yellow solution.
Adverse reactions listed below are classified according to frequency and system organ class. Frequency groupings are defined according to the following convention: Very common (>1/10), Common (>1/100 to <1/10), Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000), Very rare (<1/10,000), Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
In clinical trials investigating treatment of occluded catheters with Actilyse Cathflo the following undesirable effects were observed:
|
Class |
Adverse reaction |
|
Infections and infestations | |
|
uncommon |
sepsis |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions | |
|
uncommon |
catheter related complication |
|
rare |
pyrexia |
Under systemic application of alteplase (i.e. high dose in thrombo-embolic indications), the following dose-independent side effects have been reported:
|
Immune system disorders | |
|
rare |
hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. rash, urticaria, bronchospasm, angio-oedema, hypotension, shock)* |
|
very rare |
serious anaphylaxis |
*5
In principle, all undesirable effects as found for the systemic application of Actilyse (using the 10, 20, 50 mg presentations of alteplase, please refer to respective SmPC) may also occur during treatment of occluded catheters in cases where Actilyse Cathflo (2 mg of alteplase) reaches the systemic circulation (e.g. haemorrhage, embolism, hypersensitivity reactions, blood pressure decreased, nausea, vomiting, body temperature increased). However, pharmacokinetic data indicate that physiologically relevant plasma concentrations are not reached using this dosage.
Immune system disorders, on the other hand, can be regarded dose-independent and have therefore been copied from the systemic application; immune system disorders have however not been observed in clinical trials with Actilyse Cathflo.
Paediatric Population
Based on clinical study data, the safety profile for use in children is comparable with the one observed in adults.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
In subchronic toxicity studies in rats and marmosets no unexpected undesirable effects were found.
No indications of a mutagenic potential were found in mutagenic tests.
In pregnant animals no teratogenic effects were observed after intravenous infusion of pharmacologically effective doses. In rabbits embryotoxicity (embryolethality, growth retardation) was induced by more than 3 mg/kg/day. No effects on peri-postnatal development or on fertility parameters were observed in rats with doses up to 10 mg/kg/day.
Thrombolytic treatment of occluded central venous access devices including those used for haemodialysis
The 2 mg vial is the only recommended presentation of alteplase for use in this indication.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antithrombotic agents, ATC code: B01AD02
Alteplase is a recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator, a glycoprotein, which activates plasminogen directly to plasmin. When administered intravenously, alteplase remains relatively inactive in the circulatory system. Once bound to fibrin, it is activated, inducing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin leading to the dissolution of the fibrin clot.
Due to its relative fibrin-specificity alteplase at a dose of 100 mg leads to a modest decrease of the circulating fibrinogen levels to about 60 % at 4 hours, which is generally reverted to more than 80 % after 24 hours. Plasminogen and alpha-2-antiplasmin decrease to about 20 % and 35 % respectively after 4 hours and increase again to more than 80 % at 24 hours. A marked and prolonged decrease of the circulating fibrinogen level is only seen in few patients.
Occluded central venous access devices including those used for haemodialysis
In two clinical studies more than 1,100 mainly adult patients with improperly functioning central venous access devices were treated with alteplase. Restoration rates of catheter function were between 74 % and 77 % following one dose and between 87 % and 90 % following two doses of alteplase. In studies with haemodialysis catheters using dwell times ranging from > 2 hours to the next dialysis session comparable restoration rates were reported.
In a study of 310 children the overall rate of catheter function restoration of 83 % after up to two doses of alteplase was similar to that observed in adults. A total of 432 patients under age of 17 have received a dose of up to 2 mg alteplase for up to two administrations in pivotal trials of catheter clearance. Overall safety and efficacy results were similar in the paediatric and adult patients.
Alteplase is cleared rapidly from the circulating blood and metabolised mainly by the liver (plasma clearance 550 - 680 ml/min.). The relevant plasma half-life t1/2 alpha is 4-5 minutes. This means that after 20 minutes less than 10 % of the initial value is present in the plasma. For the residual amount remaining in a deep compartment, a beta-half-life of about 40 minutes was measured.
When Actilyse Cathflo is administered for restoration of dysfunctional central venous access devices according to the instructions circulating plasma levels of alteplase are not expected to reach pharmacologic concentrations. If a 2 mg dose of alteplase was administered by bolus injection directly into the systemic circulation (rather than instilled into the catheter), the concentration of circulating alteplase would be expected to return to undetectable limits within 30-60 minutes.
April 2018
Actilyse Cathflo 2 mg powder for solution for injection and infusion
Boehringer Ingelheim Limited
Ellesfield Avenue
Bracknell
Berkshire
RG12 8YS
United Kingdom
Store in the original package in order to protect from light.
Store in a refrigerator (2 - 8 °C).
Powder:
2 ml sterilised glass vials, sealed with sterile siliconised grey butyl-type stoppers with aluminium/plastic flip-off caps.
Pack sizes:
5 vials with 93 mg powder for solution for injection and infusion
PL 00015/0325
There is very limited experience with the use of alteplase during pregnancy and lactation. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity. In cases of an acute life-threatening disease the benefit has to be evaluated against the potential risk. It is not known if alteplase is excreted into human milk.
1 vial with powder contains:
2 mg alteplase (corresponding to 1,160,000 IU)
Alteplase is produced by recombinant DNA technique using a Chinese hamster ovary cell-line. The specific activity of alteplase in-house reference material is 580,000 IU/mg. This has been confirmed by comparison with the second international WHO standard for t-PA. The specification for the specific activity of alteplase is 522,000 to 696,000 IU/mg.
Each constituted vial will deliver 2 mg of alteplase.
The appropriate presentation of alteplase product should be chosen carefully and in accordance with the intended use. The 2 mg presentation of alteplase is not indicated for use in acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism or acute ischaemic stroke (due to risk of massive under dosing). Only 10, 20 or 50 mg vials are indicated for use in those indications.
General:
The coadministration of heparin with Actilyse Cathflo has not been shown to improve the rates of catheter function restoration and is not recommended. If heparin is considered necessary to prevent re-occlusion this should be administered separately after catheter function has been restored.
Catheter dysfunction may be caused by a variety of conditions other than thrombus formation, such as catheter malposition, mechanical failure, constriction by a suture, and lipid deposits or drug precipitates within the catheter lumen. Because of the risk of damage to the vascular wall or collapse of soft-walled catheters, vigorous suction should not be applied during attempts to determine catheter occlusion. Excessive pressure should be avoided when Actilyse Cathflo is instilled into the catheter. Such force could cause rupture of the catheter or expulsion of the clot into the circulation.
Particular caution is necessary if small volume syringes (≤ 1 ml) are used for application, especially if small volume catheters are used as typical in the paediatric population.
Bleeding:
The most frequent adverse reaction associated with all thrombolytics in all approved indications is bleeding. Actilyse Cathflo has not been studied in patients with occluded catheters known to be at risk for bleeding events that may be associated with the use of thrombolytics. Caution should be exercised with patients who have active internal bleeding or who have had any of the following within 48 hours: surgery, obstetrical delivery, percutaneous biopsy of viscera or deep tissues, or puncture of non-compressible vessels. In addition, caution should be exercised with patients who have thrombocytopenia, other haemostatic defects (including those secondary to severe hepatic or renal disease), or any condition for which bleeding constitutes a significant hazard or would be particularly difficult to manage because of its location, or who are at high risk for embolic complications (e.g., venous thrombosis in the region of the catheter). Death and permanent disability have been reported in patients who have experienced stroke and other serious bleeding episodes when receiving pharmacologic doses of a thrombolytic. Should serious bleeding in a critical location (e.g., intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, pericardial) occur, treatment with Actilyse Cathflo should be stopped and the drug should be withdrawn from the catheter.
Infection:
Using Actilyse Cathflo in patients whose catheters are occluded by infected thrombi may release microorganisms into the systemic circulation leading to sepsis. As with all catheterisation procedures, care should be taken to maintain aseptic technique and appropriate antibiotic treatment used as necessary.
Hypersensitivity
Antibody formation in patients receiving one or more doses of alteplase for restoration of dysfunctional central venous access devices has not been studied. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with the administration of Actilyse Cathflo can be caused by the active substance alteplase, gentamicin (a trace residue from the manufacturing process), any of the excipients, or the stopper of the glass vial with Actilyse Cathflo powder which contains natural rubber (a derivative of latex).
If a severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs, the instillation should be discontinued and appropriate treatment should be promptly initiated.
Not relevant.
Actilyse Cathflo should be given as soon as possible after occlusion. The following dose guidelines apply.
Posology
A dose of up to 2 mg alteplase administered up to two times for any one occlusion can be used to restore function of ports, single and multiple lumen catheters including those used for haemodialysis, which became dysfunctional due to thrombotic occlusion.
For use in this indication reconstitution to a final concentration of 1 mg alteplase per ml is recommended.
In patients with a body weight of 30 kg or more, a total dose of 2 mg alteplase in 2 ml of reconstituted solution should be instilled into the dysfunctional central venous access device.
In patients with a body weight below 30 kg, the volume of reconstituted solution to be instilled into the dysfunctional central venous access devices should correspond to 110% of the internal lumen volume of the device. The total dose of alteplase should not exceed 2 mg. I.e. for a catheter with internal volume of 1.0 ml the total dose of Actilyse Cathflo would be 1.1 mg in a volume of 1.1 ml.
If central venous access device function is not restored at 120 minutes after the first dose, a second dose of equal amount may be instilled.
Method of catheter clearance
The reconstituted solution should be instilled into the occluded central venous access device.
Only 2 mg vials of alteplase are indicated for use in this indication.
1. Reconstitute the content of an injection vial to a final concentration of 1 mg alteplase per ml. For catheters with a lumen volume greater than 2 ml, the reconstituted solution can be further diluted with sterile sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9 %) solution for injection to the desired volume. I.e. for a catheter with internal volume of 2.5 ml the total dose of Actilyse Cathflo would be 2.0 mg in a volume of 2.5 ml.
2. Instil the appropriate dose of Actilyse Cathflo into the dysfunctional central venous access device.
3. After 30 minutes of dwell time, assess catheter function by attempting to aspirate blood. If the catheter is functional, go to Step 6. If the catheter is not functional, go to Step 4.
4. After 120 minutes of dwell time, assess catheter function by attempting to aspirate blood and catheter contents. If the catheter is functional, go to Step 6. If the catheter is not functional, go to Step 5.
5. If catheter function is not restored after the first dose, a second dose of equal amount may be instilled. Repeat the procedure beginning with Step 1. If after a second dose of alteplase the device remains dysfunctional consider device replacement.
6. If catheter function has been restored, aspirate 4-5 ml of blood in patients weighing 10 kg or more, or 3 ml in patients with a body weight below 10 kg to remove Actilyse Cathflo and residual clot, and gently irrigate the catheter with sterile sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9 %) solution for injection.
Paediatric population
The Paediatric population is covered by the general dosing scheme as described above.
The 2 mg presentation of alteplase is not indicated for use in myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism or acute ischaemic stroke (due to risk of massive underdosing). Only 10, 20 or 50 mg presentations are indicated for use in those indications.
The 2 mg vial (with a total amount of 2.2 mg alteplase including 0.2 mg overage which will remain in the transfer syringe so that the amount practically administered is 2 mg alteplase) should always be reconstituted to a final concentration of 1 mg alteplase per ml.
To this end, 2.2 mL sterile water for injection should be transferred to the vial containing the Actilyse Cathflo powder by use of a syringe with a suitable measuring precision under aseptic conditions.
The reconstituted solution should then be instilled into the dysfunctional central venous access device. It may be diluted further with sterile sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9 %) solution for injection up to a minimal concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. A dilution of the reconstituted solution with sterilised water for injections or in general, the use of carbohydrate infusion solutions, e.g. dextrose is not recommended. Actilyse Cathflo should not be mixed with other medicinal products in the same catheter (not even with heparin).
When reconstituting the product from the respective amount of powder and solvent, the mixture should only be swirled gently until complete dissolution. Any vigorous agitation should be avoided to prevent foam formation.
The reconstituted preparation is a clear and colourless to pale yellow solution. Prior to administration it should be inspected visually for particles and colour.
The reconstituted solution is for single use only. Any unused solution or waste material should be disposed in accordance with the local requirements.
Date of first authorisation: 29 November 2010
Date of last renewal: 26 April 2009
No formal interaction studies with Actilyse Cathflo have been performed.
The risk of haemorrhage is increased if coumarine derivatives, oral anticoagulants, platelet aggregation inhibitors, unfractionated heparin or LMWH or other agents inhibiting coagulation are administered (before, during or within the first 24 hours after treatment with Actilyse Cathflo).
Concomitant treatment with ACE inhibitors may enhance the risk of suffering a hypersensitivity reaction.
