Overdosage with Лоратадин increased the occurrence of anticholinergic symptoms. Somnolence, tachycardia, and headache have been reported with overdoses.
In the event of overdose, general symptomatic and supportive measures are to be instituted and maintained for as long as necessary. Administration of activated charcoal as a slurry with water may be attempted. Gastric lavage may be considered. Лоратадин is not removed by haemodialysis and it is not known if Лоратадин is removed by peritoneal dialysis. Medical monitoring of the patient is to be continued after emergency treatment.
No information provided.
Not applicable.
Adverse events which have been associated with Лоратадин are given below. Frequencies are defined as:
Very common (>1/10)
Common (>1/100 to <1/10)
Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100)
Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
Very rare (<1/10,000)
Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
In clinical trials in a paediatric population, children aged 2 through 12 years, common adverse reactions reported in excess of placebo were headache (2.7%), nervousness (2.3%), and fatigue (1%).
In clinical trials involving adults and adolescents in a range of indications including AR and CIU, at the recommended dose of 10 mg daily, adverse reactions with Лоратадин were reported in 2 % of patients in excess of those treated with placebo.
The most frequent adverse reactions reported in excess of placebo were somnolence (1.2%), headache (0.6%), increased appetite (0.5%) and insomnia (0.1%).
Other adverse reactions reported during the post-marketing period are listed in the following table.
| Organ | Frequency | Adverse reaction |
| Immune system disorders | Very rare | Hypersensitivity reactions (including angioedema and anaphylaxis) |
| Nervous system disorders | Very rare | Dizziness, convulsion |
| Cardiac disorders | Very rare | Tachycardia, palpitation |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Very rare | Nausea, dry mouth, gastritis |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Very rare | Abnormal hepatic function |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Very rare | Rash, alopecia |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Very rare | Fatigue |
| Investigations | Not known | Weight increased |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
No information provided.
Preclinical data reveal no special hazard based on conventional studies of safety, pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential.
In reproductive toxicity studies, no teratogenic effects were observed. However, prolonged parturition and reduced viability of offspring were observed in rats at plasma levels (AUC) 10 times higher than those achieved with clinical doses.
No evidence of mucous membrane irritation was observed after daily administration of up to 12 tablets (120 mg) of oral lyophilisates into the hamster cheek pouch for five days.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antihistamines - H1 antagonist, ATC code: R06A X13.
Mechanism of action
Лоратадин, the active ingredient in the medicinal product, is a tricyclic antihistamine with selective, peripheral Hl-receptor activity.
Pharmacodynamic effects
Лоратадин has no clinically significant sedative or anticholinergic properties in the majority of the population and when used at the recommended dosage.
During long-term treatment there were no clinically significant changes in vital signs, laboratory test values, physical examinations or electrocardiograms.
Лоратадин has no significant H2-receptor activity. It does not inhibit norepinephrine uptake and has practically no influence on cardiovascular function or on intrinsic cardiac pacemaker activity.
Absorption
Лоратадин is rapidly and well absorbed. Concomitant ingestion of food can delay slightly the absorption of Лоратадин but without influencing the clinical effect.
Distribution
Лоратадин is highly bound (97 % to 99 %) and its active metabolite moderately bound (73 % to 76 %) to plasma proteins.
In healthy subjects, plasma distribution half-lives of Лоратадин and its active metabolite are approximately 1 and 2 hours, respectively.
Biotransformation
After oral administration, Лоратадин is rapidly and well absorbed and undergoes an extensive first pass metabolism, mainly by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. The major metabolite -desЛоратадин (DL)- is pharmacologically active and responsible for a large part of the clinical effect. Лоратадин and DL achieve maximum plasma concentrations (Tmax) between 1-1.5 hours and 1.5-3.7 hours after administration, respectively.
Increase in plasma concentrations of Лоратадин has been reported after concomitant use with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cimetidine in controlled trials, but without clinically significant changes (including electrocardiographic).
Elimination
The mean elimination half-lives in healthy adult subjects were 8.4 hours (range = 3 to 20 hours) for Лоратадин and 28 hours (range = 8.8 to 92 hours) for the major active metabolite.
Approximately 40 % of the dose is excreted in the urine and 42 % in the faeces over a 10 day period and mainly in the form of conjugated metabolites. Approximately 27 % of the dose is eliminated in the urine during the first 24 hours. Less than 1 % of the active substance is excreted unchanged in active form, as Лоратадин or DL.
Linearity
The bioavailability parameters of Лоратадин and of the active metabolite are dose proportional.
Elderly
The pharmacokinetic profile of Лоратадин and its metabolites is comparable in healthy adult volunteers and in healthy geriatric volunteers.
Renal impairment
In patients with chronic renal impairment, both the AUC and peak plasma levels (Cmax) increased for Лоратадин and its metabolite as compared to the AUCs and peak plasma levels (Cmax) of patients with normal renal function. The mean elimination half-lives of Лоратадин and its metabolite were not significantly different from that observed in normal subjects. Haemodialysis does not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of Лоратадин or its active metabolite in subjects with chronic renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment
In patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease, the AUC and peak plasma levels (Cmax) of Лоратадин were double while the pharmacokinetic profile of the active metabolite was not significantly changed from that in patients with normal liver function. The elimination half-lives for Лоратадин and its metabolite were 24 hours and 37 hours, respectively, and increased with increasing severity of liver disease.
Лоратадин and its active metabolite are excreted in the breast milk of lactating women.
No special requirements.
