Symptoms
No cases of acute overdose have been reported. In clinical trials of healthy volunteers, the highest dose of tafamidis given was 480 mg in a single dose and 60 mg once daily for two weeks. The reported treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate and included: headache, somnolence, myalgia, insomnia, hordeolum, photosensitivity reaction, and presyncope.
Management
In case of overdose, standard supportive measures should be instituted as required.
Not applicable.
Capsule shell
Gelatin (E441) Glycerin (E422)
Yellow iron oxide (E172)
Sorbitan
Sorbitol (E420)
Mannitol (E421)
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Purified water
Capsule contents
Macrogol 400 (E1521)
Sorbitan monooleate (E494)
Polysorbate 80 (E433)
Printing ink (Opacode purple)
Ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol
Purified water
Macrogol 400 (E1521)
Polyvinyl acetate phthalate
Propylene glycol (E1520)
Carmine (E120)
Brilliant Blue FCF (E133)
Ammonium hydroxide (E527) 28%
Soft capsule
Yellow, opaque, oblong (approximately 21 mm) capsule imprinted with “VYN 20†in red.
Summary of safety profile
The overall clinical data reflect exposure of 127 TTR amyloid polyneuropathy patients to 20 mg of tafamidis meglumine administered daily for an average of 538 days (ranging from 15 to 994 days). The adverse reactions were generally mild or moderate in severity.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
Adverse reactions are listed below by MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) and frequency categories using the standard convention: Very common (>1/10), Common (>1/100 to <1/10), and Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100). Within the frequency group, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Adverse reactions reported from the clinical programme in the tabular listing below reflect the rates at which they occurred in the Phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Fx-005).
|
System Organ Class |
Very Common |
|
Infections and infestations |
Urinary tract infection |
|
Vaginal infection | |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Diarrhoea |
|
Upper abdominal pain |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product.
United Kingdom
Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Ireland
Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:
HPRA Pharmacovigilance,
Earlsfort Terrace,
IRL - Dublin 2,
Tel: +353 1 6764971,
Fax: +353 1 6762517,
Website: www.hpra.ie
E-mail: [email protected]
Nonclinical data revealed no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, fertility and early embryonic development, genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential.
In repeated dose toxicity studies the liver appeared as a target organ for toxicity in the different species tested. Liver effects were seen at doses above (>3) human exposure and have generally been shown to be reversible.
In a developmental toxicity study in rabbits, a slight increase in skeletal malformations and variations, abortions in few females, and reduction in foetal weights were observed at an AUC0-24 ratio of 3.2-fold, based on the human AUC at steady state.
In the rat peri- and post-natal development study with tafamidis, decreased pup survival and reduced pup weights were noted following maternal treatment during pregnancy and lactation at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg. Decreased foetal weights in males were associated with delayed sexual maturation (preputial separation) and impaired performance in a water-maze test for learning and memory. The NOAEL for viability and growth in the F1 generation offspring following maternal treatment during pregnancy and lactation with tafamidis was 5 mg/kg (HED=0.8 mg/kg), a dose approximately 4.6-times the recommended dose.
Vyndaqel is indicated for the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis in adult patients with stage 1 symptomatic polyneuropathy to delay peripheral neurologic impairment.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other nervous system drugs, ATC code N07XX08
Mechanism of action
Tafamidis meglumine is a specific stabilizer of transthyretin.
Pharmacodynamic effects
TTR amyloid polyneuropathy is a multi-faceted, progressive, axonal degenerative neuropathy characterized by sensory, motor and autonomic impairment. The dissociation of the transthyretin tetramer to monomers is the rate limiting step in the pathogenesis of TTR amyloid polyneuropathy, also known as TTR familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP). The folded monomers undergo partial denaturation to produce alternatively folded monomeric amyloidogenic intermediates. These intermediates then misassemble into soluble oligomers, profilaments, filaments, and amyloid fibrils. Tafamidis binds non-cooperatively to the two thyroxine binding sites on the native tetrameric form of transthyretin preventing dissociation into monomers. The inhibition of transthyretin tetramer dissociation forms the rationale for the use of tafamidis to slow disease progression.
Clinical efficacy and safety
The pivotal study of tafamidis meglumine was an 18-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of once-daily 20 mg tafamidis meglumine in 128 patients with TTR amyloid polyneuropathy with the V30M mutation and primarily stage 1 disease (do not routinely require assistance with ambulation). The primary outcome measures were the Neuropathy Impairment Score of the Lower Limb (NIS-LL - a physician assessment of the neurologic exam of the lower limbs) and the Norfolk Quality of Life - Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN - a patient reported outcome, total quality of life score [TQOL]). Other outcome measures included composite scores of large nerve fiber (nerve conduction, vibration threshold and heart rate response to deep breathing - HRDB) and small nerve fiber function (heat pain and cooling threshold and HRDB) and nutritional assessments utilizing the modified body mass index (mBMI - BMI multiplied by serum albumin in g/L). Eighty-six of the 91 patients completing the 18 month treatment period subsequently enrolled in an open label extension study, where they all received once daily 20 mg tafamidis meglumine for an additional 12 months.
Following 18 months of treatment, more tafamidis meglumine-treated patients were NIS-LL Responders (change of less than 2 points on NIS-LL) Outcomes for the pre-specified analyses of the primary endpoints are provided in the following table:
|
Vyndaqel versus Placebo: NIS-LL and TQOL at Month 18 (Study Fx-005) | ||
|
Placebo |
Vyndaqel | |
|
Pre-specified ITT Analysis |
N=61 |
N=64 |
|
NIS-LL Responders (% Patients) |
29.5% |
45.3% |
|
Difference (Vyndaqel minus Placebo) 95% CI of Difference (p-value) |
15.8% -0.9%, 32.5% (0.068) | |
|
TQOL Change from Baseline LSMean (SE) |
7.2 (2.36) |
2.0 (2.31) |
|
Difference in LSMeans (SE) 95% CI of Difference (p-value) |
-5.2 (3.31) -11.8, 1.3 (0.116) | |
|
Pre-specified Efficacy Evaluable Analysis |
N=42 |
N=45 |
|
NIS-LL Responders (% Patients) |
38.1% |
60.0% |
|
Difference (Vyndaqel minus Placebo) 95% CI of Difference (p-value) |
21.9% 1.4%, 42.4% (0.041) | |
|
TQOL Change from Baseline LSMean (SE) |
8.9 (3.08) |
0.1 (2.98) |
|
Difference in LSMeans (SE) 95% CI of Difference (p-value) |
-8.8 (4.32) -17.4, -0.2 (0.045) | |
|
In the pre-specified ITT NIS-LL Responder analysis, patients who discontinued prior to the 18-month time point due to liver transplantation were categorized as non-responders. The pre-specified Efficacy Evaluable analysis used observed data for those patients who completed the 18 month treatment per protocol. | ||
The secondary endpoints demonstrated that tafamidis meglumine treatment resulted in less deterioration of neurologic function and improved nutritional status (mBMI) compared with placebo, as shown in the following table.
|
Secondary Endpoints Changes from Baseline to Month 18 LSMean (Standard Error) (Intent- to-Treat Population) (Study Fx-005) | ||||
|
|
Placebo N=61 |
Vyndaqel N=64 |
P-value |
Vyndaqel % change relative to Placebo |
|
NIS-LL change from BL LSMean (SE) |
5.8 (0.96) |
2.8 (0.95) |
0.027 |
-52% |
|
Large Fiber change from BL LSMean (SE) |
3.2 (0.63) |
1.5 (0.62) |
0.066 |
-53% |
|
Small Fiber change from BL LSMean (SE) |
1.6 (0.32) |
0.3 (0.31) |
0.005 |
-81% |
|
mBMI change from BL LSMean (SE) |
-33.8 (11.8) |
39.3 (11.5) |
<0.0001 |
NA |
|
mBMI was derived as the product of serum albumin and Body Mass Index. NA=Not applicable Based on repeated measures analysis of variance with change from baseline as the dependent variable, an unstructured covariance matrix, treatment, month and treatment-by-month as fixed effects, and subject as a random effect in the model. | ||||
In the open-label extension study, the rate of change in the NIS-LL during the 12 months of treatment was similar to that observed in those patients randomised and treated with tafamidis in the previous double blind 18 month period.
Although data are limited, (one open label study in 21 patients), taking into account the mechanism of action of tafamidis and the results on TTR stabilisation, tafamidis meglumine is expected to be beneficial in patients with stage 1 TTR amyloid polyneuropathy due to mutations other than V30M.
The effects of tafamidis on cardiac disease progression have not yet been adequately characterised.
A supra-therapeutic, single, 400 mg oral dose of tafamidis solution in healthy volunteers demonstrated no prolongation of the QTc interval.
).
This medicinal product has been authorised under 'exceptional circumstances'.
This means that due to the rarity of the disease it has not been possible to obtain complete information on this medicinal product.
The European Medicines Agency will review any new information which may become available every year and this SmPC will be updated as necessary.
Absorption
After oral administration of the soft capsule, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is achieved at a median time (tmax) of 2 hours after dosing in the fasted state. Concomitant administration of food decreased the rate of absorption, but not the extent of absorption. These results support the administration of tafamidis with or without food.
Distribution
Tafamidis is highly protein bound (99.9%) in plasma. The apparent steady state volume of distribution is 25.7 litres.
Biotransformation and elimination
There is no explicit evidence of biliary excretion of tafamidis in humans. Based on preclinical data, it is suggested that tafamidis is metabolised by glucuronidation and excreted via the bile. This route of biotransformation is plausible in humans, as approximately 59% of the total administered dose is recovered in faeces, and approximately 22% recovered in urine. Following daily administration of a 20 mg dose of tafamidis meglumine for 14 days in healthy subjects, mean steady-state half-life was 59 h and mean total clearance was 0.42 l/h.
Dose and time linearity
Results from once-daily dosing with tafamidis meglumine 15, 30, or 60 mg for 14 days demonstrated dose-dependent increases in Cmax and AUC between doses of 15 mg and 30 mg and less than dose proportional between 30 and 60 mg, indicating saturation of absorption process beyond 30 mg.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar after single and repeated administration of 20 mg dose, indicating a lack of induction or inhibition of tafamidis metabolism.
Results of once-daily dosing with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg for 14 days demonstrated that steady-state was achieved by Day 14. Cmax(ss) and Cmin(ss) was 2.7 and 1.6 µg/ml, respectively.
Special populations
Hepatic impairment
Pharmacokinetic data indicated decreased systemic exposure (approximately 40%) and increased total clearance (0.52 l/h vs. 0.31l/h) of tafamidis in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Score of 7-9 inclusive) compared to healthy subjects due to a higher unbound fraction of tafamidis. As patients with moderate hepatic impairment have lower TTR levels than healthy subjects, dosage adjustment is not necessary as the stoichiometry of tafamidis with its target protein TTR would be sufficient for stabilization of the TTR tetramer. The exposure to tafamidis in patients with severe hepatic impairment is unknown.
Renal impairment
Tafamidis has not specifically been evaluated in patients with renal impairment, but a dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment is considered not necessary.
Elderly
Based on population PK results, subjects older than 60 years old had an average 19% lower estimate of clearance at steady-state compared to subjects less than 60 years old. However, the difference in clearance would not be clinically significant and would not result in clinically relevant different steady-state levels compared to younger subjects.
10/2017
Vyndaqel 20 mg soft capsules
Pfizer Limited
Ramsgate Road
Sandwich, Kent
CT13 9NJ
United Kingdom
Do not store above 25°C.
Two polyvinyl chloride/aluminium blisters each containing 15 soft capsules are contained in a wallet.
Pack sizes: 30 or 90 soft capsules
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
EU/1/11/717/001
EU/1/11/717/002
Women of childbearing potential
Contraceptive measures should be used by women of childbearing potential during treatment with tafamidis meglumine, and for one month after stopping treatment, due to the prolonged half life.
Pregnancy
There are no data on the use of tafamidis meglumine in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown developmental toxicity. Tafamidis meglumine is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.
Breast-feeding
Available pharmacodynamic/toxicological data in animals have shown excretion of tafamidis in milk. A risk to the newborns/infants cannot be excluded. Tafamidis meglumine should not be used during breast-feeding.
Fertility
No impairment of fertility has been observed in nonclinical studies.
Each soft capsule contains 20 mg of micronized tafamidis meglumine equivalent to 12.2 mg tafamidis.
Excipients with known effect
Each soft capsule contains no more than 44 mg of sorbitol (E420).
Women of childbearing potential should use appropriate contraception when taking tafamidis meglumine and continue to use appropriate contraception for 1-month after stopping treatment with tafamidis meglumine.
Tafamidis meglumine should be added to the standard of care for the treatment of the transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) patient. Physicians should monitor patients and continue to assess the need for other therapy, including the need for liver transplantation, as part of this standard of care. As there are no data available regarding the use of tafamidis meglumine post-liver transplantation, tafamidis meglumine should be discontinued in patients who undergo liver transplantation.
Vyndaqel contains sorbitol (E420). Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicinal product.
On the basis of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile, tafamidis meglumine is believed to have no or negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines.
Treatment should be initiated by and remain under the supervision of a physician knowledgeable in the management of patients with transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy.
Posology
The recommended dose of tafamidis meglumine is 20 mg orally once daily.
If vomiting occurs after dosing, and the intact Vyndaqel capsule is identified, then an additional dose of Vyndaqel should be administered if possible. If no capsule is identified, then no additional dose is necessary, with resumption of dosing the next day as usual.
Special populations
Elderly
Data in the elderly patients are very limited.
No dosage adjustment is required for elderly patients (> 65 years).
Hepatic and renal impairment
No dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal or mild and moderate hepatic impairment. Tafamidis meglumine has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment and caution is recommended.
Paediatric population
There is no relevant use of tafamidis in the paediatric population.
Method of administration
Oral use.
The soft capsules should be swallowed whole, not crushed or cut, and taken with or without food.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Date of first authorisation: 16 November 2011
Date of latest renewal: 22 July 2016
In a clinical study in healthy volunteers, tafamidis meglumine did not induce or inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4.
In vitro data also indicated that tafamidis meglumine does not significantly inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6.
In vitro studies with tafamidis meglumine suggest that it is unlikely tafamidis meglumine will cause drug interactions at clinically relevant concentrations with substrates of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), P-gp transporters, or organic anion-transporting polypeptide transporters (OATP1B1 and 1B3).
However, in vitro tafamidis meglumine inhibits the efflux transporter BCRP (breast cancer resistant protein) with IC50=1.16 µM and may cause drug-drug interactions at clinically relevant concentrations with substrates of this transporter (e.g. methotrexate, rosuvastatin, imatinib). Likewise, tafamidis meglumine inhibits the uptake transporters OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporters) with IC50=2.9 µM and IC50=2.36 µM, respectively, and may cause drug-drug interactions at clinically relevant concentrations with substrates of these transporters (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bumetanide, furosemide, lamivudine, methotrexate, oseltamivir, tenofovir, ganciclovir, adefovir, cidofovir, zidovudine, zalcitabine).
No interaction studies have been performed evaluating the effect of other medicinal products on tafamidis meglumine.
