The following events have been observed who have taken Urofosfabol in overdose: vestibular loss, impaired hearing, metallic taste and general decline in taste perception.
In the event of an overdose, treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Urinary elimination of the drug should be promoted through adequate administration of oral fluids.
Urofosfabol is contraindicated in:
- patients with severe renal insufficiency (CLcr<10ml/min)
- patients undergoing haemodialysis
Not applicable.
Adverse reactions are listed below by System Organ Class and Frequency according to the MedDRA frequency convention and System Organ Classification:
Very common: Common: Uncommon: Rare: Very rare: Not known: | (>1/10) (>1/100 to <1/10) (>1/1,000 to <1/100) (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000) (<1/10,000) (cannot be estimated from the available data) |
| Immune system disorders | |
| Not known | anaphylactic shock allergic reaction |
| Nervous system disorder | |
| Common | headache dizziness |
| Uncommon | paraesthesia |
| Cardiac disorders | |
| Rare | tachycardia |
| Vascular disorders | |
| Not known | hypotension |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |
| Not known | asthma |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Common | dyspepsia |
| Uncommon | diarrhoea nausea vomiting abdominal pain |
| Not known | pseudomembranous colitis |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |
| Uncommon | rash urticaria pruritus |
| Rare | itching |
| Not known | angioedema |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | |
| Common | vulvovaginitis |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |
| Uncommon | fatigue |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard..
There are no non clinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are additional to that already included in other sections of this SmPC
Urofosfabol is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in adults, caused by pathogens sensitive to Urofosfabol.
Urofosfabol is indicated for periprocedural prophylaxis in diagnostic and surgical transurethral procedures.
Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antibacterials for systemic use, other antibacterials.
ATC code: J01XX01
Urofosfabol trometamol is an orally applicable salt of the agent Urofosfabol, a fosfonic acid epoxy.
Mechanism of action
Urofosfabol trometamol is a broad spectrum antibiotic, derived from phosphonic acid.
It inhibits the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate transferase, which catalyses the formation of n-acetylmuramic acid from n-acetyl aminoglucose and phosphoenolpyruvate. N-acetylmuramic acid is required for the build-up of peptidoglycan, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Urofosfabol has a mainly bactericidal action.
PK/PD relationship
Limited data indicate that Urofosfabol most likely acts in a time- dependent manner.
Mechanisms of resistance
A resistance to Urofosfabol can be based on the following mechanisms:
- Urofosfabol is admitted into the bacterial cell actively via two different transport systems (glycerin-3-phosphate and hexose-6 transport system). In Enterobacteriaceae the glycerin-3-phosphate transport system can be changed in such a way that Urofosfabol is no longer transported into the cell.
- Another plasmid-encoded mechanism occurring in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. is based on the presence of a specific protein, under the effect of which Urofosfabol metabolises and is bound to glutathione (GSH).
- In staphylococci a plasmid-encoded Urofosfabol resistance also occurs. The exact mechanism of the resistance has not yet been determined.
A cross-resistance of Urofosfabol with other antibiotics classes is not known.
Break points
EUCAST clinical MIC breakpoints for oral Urofosfabol to separate susceptible (S) pathogens from resistant (R) pathogens are:
- Enterobacteriaceae S≤32mcg/ml, R>32mcg/ml
Susceptibility
The prevalence of the acquired resistance of individual species can vary locally and in the course of time. Local information on the resistance situation is therefore required - particularly for the adequate treatment of severe infections. If the effectiveness of Urofosfabol is doubtful due to the local resistance situation, a therapy consultation by experts is recommended. Particularly in the case of serious infection or therapy failure, a microbiological diagnosis indicating the pathogen and its sensitivity to Urofosfabol is recommended.
The information below gives only approximate guidance on the probability as to whether the micro-organism will be susceptible to Urofosfabole or not.
| Commonly susceptible species: |
| Gram-positive aerobes |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus* |
| Gram-negative aerobes: |
| Escherichia coli |
| Species for which acquired resistance may be a problem: |
| Gram-positive aerobes: |
| Enterococcus faecalis |
| Gram-negative aerobes: |
| Proteus mirabilis |
* No current data was available when the tables were published. Primary literature, standard works and therapy recommendations assume sensitivity.
Urofosfabol contains Urofosfabol trometamol which is an orally well absorbed salt of Urofosfabol. It provides therapeutic concentrations of the active moiety in the urine for periods of 36 hours or more from a single dose.
Urofosfabol is orally administered after reconstitution in water, in which the formulation is completely soluble. A dose of 2g and 3g in terms of Urofosfabol, respectively in children and adults, including elderly, is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. These doses give peak plasma concentrations after 2 hours of 20-30 mcg/ml, serum half life is largely independent of dose.
Urofosfabol is eliminated mainly unchanged through the kidneys and this results in very high urinary concentrations (approx. 3000mg.A) within 2-4 hours. Therapeutic concentrations in urine are usually maintained for at least 36 hours.
Food delays and reduces absorption of Urofosfabol trometamol, resulting in reduced blood and urinary concentrations. However, it is unlikely that the efficacy in urinary tract infection would be seriously affected.
In patients with moderately reduced renal function (Creatinine clearance - CrCl ≤80 ml/min), including the physiological reduction in the elderly, the half life of Urofosfabol is slightly prolonged but urinary concentration remains therapeutically adequate.
Older people and Patients with Renal Impairment
Urofosfabol trometamol is principally excreted by the kidney. Caution should be exercised in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired renal function.
Antibiotic associated colitis (incl. pseudomembranous colitis) has been reported in association with the use of broad spectrum antibiotics including Urofosfabol trometamol; therefore it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who develop serious diarrhoea during or after the use of Urofosfabol trometamol. In this situation adequate therapeutic measures should be initiated immediately. Drugs inhibiting peristalsis are contraindicated in this situation.
This medicine contains 1,923 g of sucrose per sachet. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose - galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.
No studies on the effect on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed.
However, there are some side effects such as dizziness and fatigue associated with this product that may affect some patients' ability to drive or use machinery.
Posology
Adults
Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections: one sachet (3g)
Perioperative prophylaxis of urinary tract infections: one 3g sachet 3 hours before the procedure
Paediatric population
Urofosfabol trometamol in a dose of 3g is not suitable for children under the age of 12 years.
Method of administration
Urofosfabol is for oral administration and should be taken on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or at least 2 hours after meals and preferably before bedtime after emptying the bladder.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
The content of one sachet should be poured into a glass and 50-75 ml of water or other aqueous drink should be added to obtain a uniform opalescent solution. If necessary, the solution may be stirred. The solution should be taken immediately after being prepared.
