Single doses of 800 mg Redustat (Orlistat) and multiple doses of up to 400 mg three times daily for 15 days have been studied in normal weight and obese subjects without significant adverse findings. In addition, doses of 240 mg tid have been administered to obese patients for 6 months. The majority of Redustat (Orlistat) overdose cases received during post- marketing reported either no adverse events or adverse events that are similar to those reported with recommended dose.
Should a significant overdose of Redustat (Orlistat) occur, it is recommended that the patient be observed for 24 hours. Based on human and animal studies, any systemic effects attributable to the lipase-inhibiting properties of Redustat (Orlistat) should be rapidly reversible.
No information provided.
Not applicable.
Adverse reactions to Redustat (Orlistat) are largely gastrointestinal in nature. The incidence of adverse events decreased with prolonged use of Redustat (Orlistat).
Adverse events are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000) and very rare (<1/10,000) including isolated reports.
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
The following table of undesirable effects (first year of treatment) is based on adverse events that occurred at a frequency of > 2 % and with an incidence > 1 % above placebo in clinical trials of 1 and 2 years duration:
| System organ class | Adverse reaction/events |
| Nervous system disorders | |
| Very common: | Headache |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |
| Very common: | Upper respiratory infection |
| Common: | Lower respiratory infection |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Very common: | Abdominal pain/discomfort Oily spotting from the rectum Flatus with discharge Faecal urgency Fatty/oily stool Flatulence Liquid stools Oily evacuation Increased defecation |
| Common: | Rectal pain/discomfort Soft stools Faecal incontinence Abdominal distension* Tooth disorder Gingival disorder |
| Renal and urinary disorders | |
| Common: | Urinary tract infection |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | |
| Very common: | Hypoglycemia* |
| Infections and infestations | |
| Very common: | Influenza |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |
| Common: | Fatigue |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | |
| Common: | Menstrual irregularity |
| Psychiatric disorders | |
| Common: | Anxiety |
* only unique treatment adverse events that occurred at a frequency of > 2 % and with an incidence > 1 % above placebo in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
In a 4 year clinical trial, the general pattern of adverse event distribution was similar to that reported for the 1 and 2 year studies with the total incidence of gastrointestinal related adverse events occurring in year 1 decreasing year on year over the four year period.
The following table of undesirable effects is based on post-marketing spontaneous reports, and therefore the frequency remains unknown:
| System organ class | Adverse reaction |
| Investigations | Increase in liver transaminases and in alkaline phosphatase. Decreased prothrombin, increased INR and unbalanced anticoagulant treatment resulting in variations of haemostatic parameters have been reported in patients treated with anticoagulants in association with Redustat (Orlistat) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Rectal bleeding Diverticulitis Pancreatitis |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Bullous eruptions |
| Immune system disorders | Hypersensitivity (e.g. pruritus, rash, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm and anaphylaxis) |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Cholelithiasis Hepatitis that may be serious. Some fatal cases or cases requiring liver transplantation have been reported. |
| Renal and urinary disorders | Oxalate nephropathy that may lead to renal failure |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme, Website - www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
Some people on Redustat (Orlistat)™ (orlistat 60 mg) will experience GI side effects, which is expected since Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) works by inhibiting about 25% of dietary fat. Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) is half the strength of prescription Xenical® (orlistat 120 mg), and, as a result, has fewer GI events overall than Xenical®. In clinical trials, subjects on 120 mg withdrew due to GI adverse events at a rate of 5.4%-and at 60 mg it was only 3.2%.
The main treatment effect occurs when an individual eats a meal with too much fat while taking Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg). Treatment effects may include:
Not all individuals will experience treatment effects, but those that do can reduce the likelihood of these effects by taking Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) as directed and sticking with a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet. The Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) starter pack includes portable reference guides and online support at myRedustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg).com to help patients follow the program accurately. Some patients may experience treatment effects as they begin therapy until they learn to adjust their diet.
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, and toxicity to reproduction.
In animal reproductive studies, no teratogenic effect was observed. In the absence of a teratogenic effect in animals, no malformative effect is expected in man. To date, active substances responsible for malformations in man have been found teratogenic in animals when well-conducted studies were performed in two species.
Pharmaco-therapeutic group: Peripherally acting antiobesity agent, ATC code A08AB01.
Redustat (Orlistat) is a potent, specific and long-acting inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases. It exerts its therapeutic activity in the lumen of the stomach and small intestine by forming a covalent bond with the active serine site of the gastric and pancreatic lipases. The inactivated enzyme is thus unavailable to hydrolyse dietary fat, in the form of triglycerides, into absorbable free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
In the 2-year studies and the 4-year study, a hypocaloric diet was used in association with treatment in both the Redustat (Orlistat) and the placebo treated groups.
Pooled data from five 2 year studies with Redustat (Orlistat) and a hypocaloric diet showed that 37 % of Redustat (Orlistat) patients and 19 % of placebo patients demonstrated a loss of at least 5 % of their baseline body weight after 12 weeks of treatment. Of these, 49 % of Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients and 40 % of placebo treated patients went on to lose > 10 % of their baseline body weight at one year. Conversely, of patients failing to demonstrate a loss of 5 % of their baseline body weight after 12 weeks of treatment, only 5 % of Redustat (Orlistat)
treated patients and 2 % of placebo treated patients went on to lose > 10 % of their baseline body weight at one year. Overall, after one year of treatment, the percentage of patients taking 120 mg Redustat (Orlistat) who lost 10 % or more of their body weight was 20 % with Redustat (Orlistat) 120 mg compared to 8 % of patients taking placebo. The mean difference in weight loss with the drug compared to placebo was 3.2 kg.
Data from the 4-year XENDOS clinical trial showed that 60 % of Redustat (Orlistat) patients and 35 % of placebo patients demonstrated a loss of at least 5 % of their baseline body weight after 12 weeks of treatment. Of these, 62 % of Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients and 52 % of placebo treated patients went on to lose > 10 % of their baseline body weight at one year. Conversely, of patients failing to demonstrate a loss of 5 % of their baseline body weight after 12 weeks of treatment, only 5 % of Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients and 4 % of placebo treated patients went on to lose > 10 % of their baseline body weight at one year. After 1 year of treatment, 41 % of the Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients versus 21 % of placebo treated patients lost > 10 % of body weight with a mean difference of 4.4 kg between the two groups. After 4 years of treatment 21 % of the Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients compared to 10 % of the placebo treated patients had lost > 10 % of body weight, with a mean difference of 2.7 kg.
More patients on Redustat (Orlistat) or placebo lost baseline body weight of at least 5 % at 12 weeks or 10 % at one year in the XENDOS study than in the five 2-year studies. The reason for this difference is that the five 2-year studies included a 4-week diet and placebo lead-in period during which patients lost on average 2.6 kg prior to commencing treatment.
Data from the 4-year clinical trial also suggested that weight loss achieved with Redustat (Orlistat) delayed the development of type 2 diabetes during the study (cumulative diabetes cases incidences: 3.4 % in the Redustat (Orlistat) group compared to 5.4 % in the placebo-treated group). The great majority of diabetes cases came from the subgroup of patients with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline, which represented 21 % of the randomised patients. It is not known whether these findings translate into long-term clinical benefits.
In obese type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently controlled by antidiabetic agents, data from four one year clinical trials showed that the percentage of responders (> 10 % of body weight loss) was 11.3 % with Redustat (Orlistat) as compared to 4.5 % with placebo. In Redustat (Orlistat)-treated patients, the mean difference from placebo in weight loss was 1.83 kg to 3.06 kg and the mean difference from placebo in HbA1c reduction was 0.18 % to 0.55 %. It has not been demonstrated that the effect on HbA1c is independent from weight reduction.
In a multi-centre (US, Canada), parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 539 obese adolescent patients were randomised to receive either 120 mg Redustat (Orlistat) (n=357) or placebo (n=182) three times daily as an adjunct to a hypocaloric diet and exercise for 52 weeks. Both populations received multivitamin supplements. The primary endpoint was the change in body mass index (BMI) from baseline to the end of the study.
The results were significantly superior in the Redustat (Orlistat) group (difference in BMI of 0.86 kg/m2 in favour of Redustat (Orlistat)). 9.5 % of the Redustat (Orlistat) treated patients versus 3.3 % of the placebo treated patients lost > 10 % of body weight after 1 year with a mean difference of 2.6 kg between the two groups. The difference was driven by the outcome in the group of patients with > 5 % weight loss after 12 weeks of treatment with Redustat (Orlistat) representing 19 % of the initial population. The side effects were generally similar to those observed in adults. However, there was an unexplained increase in the incidence of bone fractures (6 % versus 2.8 % in the Redustat (Orlistat) and placebo groups, respectively).
Absorption
Studies in normal weight and obese volunteers have shown that the extent of absorption of Redustat (Orlistat) was minimal. Plasma concentrations of intact Redustat (Orlistat) were non- measurable (< 5 ng/ml) eight hours following oral administration of Redustat (Orlistat).
In general, at therapeutic doses, detection of intact Redustat (Orlistat) in plasma was sporadic and concentrations were extremely low (< 10 ng/ml or 0.02 μmol), with no evidence of accumulation, which is consistent with minimal absorption.
Distribution
The volume of distribution cannot be determined because the drug is minimally absorbed and has no defined systemic pharmacokinetics. In vitro Redustat (Orlistat) is > 99 % bound to plasma proteins (lipoproteins and albumin were the major binding proteins). Redustat (Orlistat) minimally partitions into erythrocytes.
Metabolism
Based on animal data, it is likely that the metabolism of Redustat (Orlistat) occurs mainly within the gastrointestinal wall. Based on a study in obese patients, of the minimal fraction of the dose that was absorbed systemically, two major metabolites, M1 (4-member lactone ring hydrolysed) and M3 (M1 with N-formyl leucine moiety cleaved), accounted for approximately 42 % of the total plasma concentration.
M1 and M3 have an open beta-lactone ring and extremely weak lipase inhibitory activity (1000 and 2500 fold less than Redustat (Orlistat) respectively). In view of this low inhibitory activity and the low plasma levels at therapeutic doses (average of 26 ng/ml and 108 ng/ml respectively), these metabolites are considered to be pharmacologically inconsequential.
Elimination
Studies in normal weight and obese subjects have shown that faecal excretion of the unabsorbed drug was the major route of elimination. Approximately 97 % of the administered dose was excreted in faeces and 83 % of that as unchanged Redustat (Orlistat).
The cumulative renal excretion of total Redustat (Orlistat)-related materials was < 2 % of the given dose. The time to reach complete excretion (faecal plus urinary) was 3 to 5 days. The disposition of Redustat (Orlistat) appeared to be similar between normal weight and obese volunteers. Redustat (Orlistat), M1 and M3 are all subject to biliary excretion.
In clinical trials, the decrease in bodyweight with Redustat (Orlistat) treatment was less in type II diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients. Antidiabetic medicinal product treatment may have to be closely monitored when taking Redustat (Orlistat).
Co-administration of Redustat (Orlistat) with ciclosporin is not recommended.
Patients should be advised to adhere to the dietary recommendations they are given.
The possibility of experiencing gastrointestinal adverse reactions may increase when Redustat (Orlistat) is taken with a diet high in fat (e.g. in a 2000 kcal/day diet, > 30 % of calories from fat equates to > 67 g of fat). The daily intake of fat should be distributed over three main meals. If Redustat (Orlistat) is taken with a meal very high in fat, the possibility of gastrointestinal adverse reactions may increase.
Cases of rectal bleeding have been reported with Redustat (Orlistat). Prescribers should investigate further in case of severe and/or persistent symptoms.
The use of an additional contraceptive method is recommended to prevent possible failure of oral contraception that could occur in case of severe diarrhoea.
Coagulation parameters should be monitored in patients treated with concomitant oral anticoagulants.
The use of Redustat (Orlistat) may be associated with hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy leading sometimes to renal failure. This risk is increased in patients with underlying chronic kidney disease and/or volume depletion.
Rare occurrence of hypothyroidism and/or reduced control of hypothyroidism may occur. The mechanism, although not proven, may involve a decreased absorption of iodine salts and/or levothyroxine.
Antiepileptics patient: Redustat (Orlistat) may unbalance anticonvulsivant treatment by decreasing the absorption of antiepileptic drugs, leading to convulsions.
Antiretrovirals for HIV: Redustat (Orlistat) may potentially reduce the absorption of antiretroviral medicines for HIV and could negatively affect the efficacy of antiretroviral medications for HIV.
WARNINGS Organ transplant alert:Do not use if you have had an organ transplant. Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) interferes with the medicines used to prevent transplant rejection.
Allergy alert:Do not use if you are allergic to any of the ingredients in Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) capsules.
Do not use;Ask a doctor before use if you have ever had:
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are
When using this product
Eating a low-fat diet lowers the chance of having these bowel changes.
For every 5 pounds you lose from diet alone, Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) can help you lose 2-3 pounds more. In studies, most people lost 5-10 pounds over 6 months.
Stop use and ask a doctor if severe or continuous abdominal pain occurs. This may be a sign of a serious medical condition.
If pregnant or breast-feeding, do not use.Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Do not use if an individual has been diagnosed with problems absorbing food or is allergic to any of the ingredients in an Redustat (Orlistat) (orlistat 60 mg) capsule.
Do not use if not overweight.
Redustat (Orlistat) has no influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
No special requirements.
