The effects of an overdose of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) are unknown. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that OHSS may result from an overdose of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa).
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- Tumours of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
- Ovarian enlargement or cyst due to reasons other than polycystic ovarian disease
- Gynaecological haemorrhages of unknown aetiology
- Ovarian, uterine or mammary carcinoma
- Extrauterine pregnancy in the previous 3 months
- Active thrombo-embolic disorders
- Primary ovarian failure
- Malformations of sexual organs incompatible with pregnancy
- Fibroid tumours of the uterus incompatible with pregnancy
- Postmenopausal women
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
Summary of the safety profile
In comparative trials with different doses of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa), the following adverse reactions were found to be associated with Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) in a dose-related fashion: OHSS, vomiting and nausea. OHSS was observed in approximately 4% of patients treated with Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa). Severe OHSS was reported in less than 0.5% of patients.
List of adverse reactions
The following definitions apply to the frequency terminology used hereafter: very common (> 1/10), common (> 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (> 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (> 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000), very rare (< 1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
| Immune system disorders | |
| Very rare: | Mild to severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions and shock |
| Psychiatric disorders | |
| Uncommon: | Depression, irritability, restlessness |
| Nervous system disorders | |
| Common: | Headache |
| Vascular disorders | |
| Very rare: | Thromboembolism, usually associated with severe OHSS |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Common: | Vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain |
| Uncommon: | Diarrhoea |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | |
| Very rare: | Mild reversible skin reactions manifesting as rash |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | |
| Common: | Mild or moderate OHSS |
| Uncommon: | Severe OHSS, breast pain |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |
| Common: | Tiredness, injection site reactions. |
Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion and other complications have been reported in patients after hCG administration. These are considered concomitant effects related to assisted reproductive techniques.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions (see details below).
United Kingdom
Yellow Card Scheme
Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
Ireland
HPRA Pharmacovigilance
Earlsfort Terrace
IRL - Dublin 2
Tel: +353 1 6764971
Fax: +353 1 6762517
Website: www.hpra.ie
e-mail: [email protected]
Malta
ADR Reporting
Website: www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt/adrportal
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity. Studies on carcinogenic potential were not performed. This is justified, given the proteinous nature of the active substance and the negative outcome of the genotoxicity testing.
Studies on reproduction were not performed in animals.
Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is indicated in the treatment of:
- Adult women undergoing superovulation prior to assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF): Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is administered to trigger final follicular maturation and luteinisation after stimulation of follicular growth,
- Anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory adult women: Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is administered to trigger ovulation and luteinisation in anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory women after stimulation of follicular growth.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system, gonadotropins, ATC code: G03GA08
Mechanism of action
Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is a medicinal product of choriogonadotropin alfa produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It shares the amino acid sequence with urinary hCG. Chorionic gonadotropin binds on the ovarian theca (and granulosa) cells to a transmembrane receptor shared with the luteinising hormone, the LH/CG receptor.
Pharmacodynamic effects
The principal pharmacodynamic activity in women is oocyte meiosis resumption, follicular rupture (ovulation), corpus luteum formation and production of progesterone and estradiol by the corpus luteum.
In women, chorionic gonadotropin acts as a surrogate luteinising hormone surge that triggers ovulation.
Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is used to trigger final follicular maturation and early luteinisation after use of medicinal products for stimulation of follicular growth.
Clinical efficacy and safety
In comparative clinical trials, administration of a dose of 250 micrograms of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) was as effective as 5,000 IU and 10,000 IU of urinary hCG in inducing final follicular maturation and early luteinisation in assisted reproductive techniques, and as effective as 5,000 IU of urinary hCG in ovulation induction.
So far, there are no signs of antibody development in humans to Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa). Repeated exposure to Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) was investigated in male patients only. Clinical investigation in women for the indication of ART and anovulation was limited to one treatment cycle.
Following intravenous administration, choriogonadotropin alfa is distributed to the extracellular fluid space with a distribution half-life of around 4.5 hours. The steady-state volume of distribution and the total clearance are 6 l and 0.2 L/h, respectively. There are no indications that choriogonadotropin alfa is metabolised and excreted differently than endogenous hCG.
Following subcutaneous administration, choriogonadotropin alfa is eliminated from the body with a terminal half-life of about 30 hours, and the absolute bioavailability is about 40%.
A comparative study between the freeze-dried and the liquid formulation showed bioequivalence between the two formulations.
Before starting treatment, the couple's infertility should be assessed as appropriate and putative contraindications for pregnancy evaluated. In particular, patients should be evaluated for hypothyroidism, adrenocortical deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and pituitary or hypothalamic tumours, and appropriate specific treatment given.
There is no clinical experience with Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) in the treatment of other conditions (such as corpus luteum insufficiency or male conditions) therefore Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is not indicated in these conditions.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
Patients undergoing ovarian stimulation are at an increased risk of developing OHSS due to multiple follicular development.
OHSS may become a serious medical event characterised by large ovarian cysts which are prone to rupture, weight gain, dyspnoea, oliguria or the presence of ascites within a clinical picture of circulatory dysfunction. Severe OHSS could be complicated in rare cases by haemoperitoneum, acute pulmonary distress, ovarian torsion, and thromboembolism.
To minimise the risk of OHSS, ultrasonographic assessments of follicular development and/or determination of serum estradiol levels should be performed prior to treatment and at regular intervals during treatment. In anovulation, the risk of OHSS is increased by a serum estradiol level > 1,500 pg/mL (5,400 pmol/L) and more than 3 follicles of 14 mm or more in diameter. In assisted reproductive techniques, there is an increased risk of OHSS with a serum estradiol > 3,000 pg/mL (11,000 pmol/L) and 18 or more follicles of 11 mm or more in diameter.
OHSS due to excessive ovarian response can be avoided by withholding hCG administration. Therefore, if signs of ovarian hyperstimulation occur such as serum estradiol level > 5,500 pg/mL (20,000 pmol/L) and/or when there are 30 or more follicles in total, it is recommended to withhold hCG administration and the patient be advised to refrain from coitus or to use barrier contraceptive methods for at least 4 days.
Multiple pregnancy
In patients undergoing induction of ovulation, the incidence of multiple pregnancy and births (mostly twins) is increased compared with natural conception. The risk of multiple pregnancy following assisted reproductive techniques is related to the number of embryos replaced.
Adherence to recommended Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) dose, regimen of administration and careful monitoring of therapy will minimise the risk of OHSS and multiple pregnancy.
Miscarriage
The rate of miscarriage, in both anovulatory patients and women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques, is higher than that found in the normal population but comparable with the rates observed in women with other fertility problems.
Ectopic pregnancy
Since infertile women undergoing ART, and particularly IVF, often have tubal abnormalities, the incidence of ectopic pregnancies might be increased. It is important to have early ultrasound confirmation that a pregnancy is intrauterine, and to exclude the possibility of extrauterine pregnancy.
Congenital malformations
The incidence of congenital malformations after ART may be slightly higher than after spontaneous conceptions. This is thought to be due to differences in parental characteristics (e.g. maternal age, sperm characteristics) and the higher incidence of multiple pregnancies.
Thromboembolic events
In women with recent or ongoing thromboembolic disease or women with generally recognised risk factors for thromboembolic events, such as personal or family history, treatment with gonadotropins may further increase the risk for aggravation or occurrence of such events. In these women, the benefits of gonadotropin administration need to be weighed against the risks. It should be noted, however, that pregnancy itself as well as OHSS also carry an increased risk of thromboembolic events, such as pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke or myocardial infarction.
Interference with serum or urinary testing
Following administration, Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) may interfere for up to ten days with the immunological determination of serum or urinary hCG, potentially leading to a false positive pregnancy test.
Patients should be made aware of this.
Other information
During Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) therapy, a minor thyroid stimulation is possible, of which the clinical relevance is unknown.
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e. it is essentially “sodium-freeâ€
Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is expected to have no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Treatment with Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) should be performed under the supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of fertility problems.
Posology
The maximum dose is 250 micrograms. The following dose regimen should be used:
- Women undergoing superovulation prior to assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF):
One pre-filled pen of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) (250 micrograms) is administered 24 to 48 hours after the last administration of a follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) preparation, i.e. when optimal stimulation of follicular growth is achieved.
- Anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory women:
One pre-filled pen of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) (250 micrograms) is administered 24 to 48 hours after optimal stimulation of follicular growth is achieved. The patient is recommended to have coitus on the day of, and the day after, Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) injection.
Special populations
Renal or hepatic impairment
Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) in patients with renal or hepatic impairment have not been established.
Paediatric population
There is no relevant use of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) in the paediatric population.
Method of administration
For subcutaneous use. Self-administration of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) should only be performed by patients who are adequately trained and have access to expert advice.
Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) is for single use only.
“Instructions for use†provided in the carton.See the “Instructions for use†provided in the carton.
Only clear solution without particles should be used. Use each needle and pen only once.
Self-administration of Pregnyl (Choriogonadotropin Alfa) should only be performed by patients who are adequately trained and have access to expert advice.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
