The oral administration of Kerasal AL to rats and mice showed this drug to be practically non-toxic (LD50>15 mL/kg).
Kerasal AL Lotion is contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the label ingredients.
The most frequent adverse experiences in patients with xerosis are transient stinging (1 in 30 patients), burning (1 in 30 patients), erythema (1 in 50 patients) and peeling (1 in 60 patients). Other adverse reactions which occur less frequently are irritation, eczema, petechiae, dryness and hyperpigmentation.
Due to the more severe initial skin conditions associated with ichthyosis, there was a higher incidence of transient stinging, burning and erythema (each occurring in 1 in 10 patients).
Kerasal AL is indicated for the treatment of dry, scaly skin (xerosis) and ichthyosis vulgaris and for temporary relief of itching associated with these conditions.
Sun exposure to areas of the skin treated with Lac-Hydrin (ammonium lactate) Lotion, 12% should be minimized or avoided (see PRECAUTIONS). The use of Kerasal AL Lotion should be discontinued if hypersensitivity is observed.
PRECAUTIONS GeneralFor external use only. Stinging or burning may occur when applied to skin with fissures, erosions or that is otherwise abraded (for example, after shaving the legs). Caution is advised when used on the face because of the potential for irritation. The potential for post-inflammatory hypo- or hyperpigmentation has not been studied.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityThe topical treatment of CD-1 mice with 12%, 21% or 30% ammonium lactate formulations for two years did not produce a significant increase in dermal or systemic tumors in the absence of increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The maximum systemic exposure of the mice in this study was 0.7 times the maximum possible systemic exposure in humans. However, a long-term photocarcinogenicity study in hairless albino mice suggested that topically applied 12% ammonium lactate formulations enhanced the rate of ultraviolet light-induced skin tumor formation.
The mutagenic potential of ammonium lactate formulations was evaluated in the Ames assay and in the mousein vivo micronucleus assay, both of which were negative.
In dermal Segment I and III studies with ammonium lactate formulations there were no effects observed in fertility or pre- or post-natal development parameters in rats at dose levels of 300 mg/kg/day (1800 mg/m²/day), approximately 0.4 times the human topical dose.
Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category BAnimal reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 0.7 and 1.5 times the human dose, respectively (600 mg/kg/day, corresponding to 3600 mg/m²/day in the rat and 7200 mg/m²/day in the rabbit) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to ammonium lactate formulations. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Kerasal AL Lotion should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing MothersAlthough lactic acid is a normal constituent of blood and tissues, it is not known to what extent this drug affects normal lactic acid levels in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Kerasal AL is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness of Kerasal AL have been demonstrated in infants and children. No unusual toxic effects were reported.
Geriatric UseClinical studies of Lac-Hydrin (ammonium lactate) Lotion, 12% did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious.
Shake well. Apply to the affected areas and rub in thoroughly. Use twice daily or as directed by a physician.
