Overdosage is unlikely with this medicine but there is no specific antidote available. Overdosage may cause nausea and vomiting, sodium and water retention, hyperglycaemia and occasional gastrointestinal bleeding.
Treatment need only be symptomatic although cimetidine (200-400 mg by slow intravenous injection every 6 hours) or ranitidine (50 mg by slow intravenous injection every 6 hours) may be administered to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding.
36 months.
This medicine is contra-indicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. It is also contraindicated in patients with systemic infections (unless specific anti-infective therapy is employed) and in patients vaccinated with live vaccines.
Intra-articular and periarticular injections of this medicine is contra-indicated when the joint or surrounding tissues are infected. The presence of infection also precludes injection into tendon sheaths and bursae. This medicine must not be injected directly into tendons, nor should it be injected into spinal or other non-diarthrodial joints.
Not applicable.
Water for injections,
Benzyl alcohol,
Sodium chloride for injections,
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Blanose 7M8SF),
Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid as pH adjusters.
Suspension for injection.
With intra-articular or other local injections, the principal side effect encountered is a temporary local exacerbation with increased pain and swelling. This normally subsides after a few hours.
In certain circumstances, particularly after high or prolonged local dosage, corticosteroids can be absorbed in amounts sufficient to produce systemic effects.
The incidence of predictable undesirable effects, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression correlates with the relative potency of the drug, dosage, timing of administration and the duration of treatment (see section 4.4, Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).
Adverse events are which have been associated with Hydrocortisone are given below, listed by system organ class and frequency.
Undesirable effects are especially likely to occur at treatment onset or at dose increase.
The undesirable effects are listed below by organ class and the following frequency convention:
Very common: (>1/10)
Common: (>1/100 to <1/10)
Uncommon: (>1/1,000 to <1/100)
Rare: (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
Very rare: (<1/10,000)
Not known - cannot be estimated from the available data.
The following side effects may be associated with the long-term systemic use of corticosteroids.
|
System organ class |
Frequency |
Undesirable effects |
|
Infections and infestations |
Not known |
Increased susceptibility and severity of infections with suppression of clinical symptoms and signs Opportunistic infections, and recurrence of dormant tuberculosis treatment. |
|
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
Not known |
Leucocytosis, Thromboembolism. |
|
Immune system disorders |
Not known |
Hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis. |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Not known |
Sodium and water retention Hypokalaemic alkalosis, Negative protein and calcium balance and Increased appetite. |
|
Psychiatric disorders(a) |
Common |
A wide range of psychiatric reactions including affective disorders (such as irritable, euphoric, depressed and labile mood and suicidal thoughts), psychotic reactions (including mania, delusions, hallucinations and aggravation of schizophrenia), behavioural disturbance, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction including confusion and amnesia have been reported.
|
|
Nervous system disorders |
Not known |
Increased intracranial pressure with papilloedema in children (pseudotumor cerebri), Aggravation of epilepsy. |
|
Eye disorders |
Not known |
Increased intra-ocular pressure Glaucoma Papilloedema Posterior subcapsular cataracts ). |
|
Cardiac disorders |
Not known |
Myocardial rupture following recent myocardial infarction. |
|
Vascular disorders |
Not known |
Hypertension. |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Not known |
Dyspepsia Peptic ulceration with perforation and haemorrhage Abdominal distension Oesophageal ulceration, Oesophageal candidiasis and Acute pancreatitis Nausea. |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
Not known |
Impaired healing Skin atrophy Bruising Striae Acne and Telangiectasia Hirsutism. |
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder |
Not known |
Proximal myopathy Osteoporosis Vertebral and long bone fractures Avascular osteonecrosis and Tendon rupture. |
|
Endocrine disorders |
Not known |
Suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis Growth retardation in infancy, childhood and adolescence. Cushingoid facies Impaired carbohydrate tolerance with increased requirement for antidiabetic therapy. |
|
Reproductive system and breast disorders |
Not known |
Menstruation irregular and amenorrhoea. |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions |
Not known |
Malaise.
|
|
Investigations |
Not known |
Weight gain. |
(a) Reactions are common and may occur in both adults and children. In adults, the frequency of severe reactions has been estimated to be 5-6%. Psychological effects have been reported on withdrawal of corticosteroids; and psychological dependence has occurred; the frequency is not known.
Withdrawal symptoms and signs:
Too rapid a reduction of corticosteroid dosage following prolonged treatment can lead to acute adrenal insufficiency, hypotension and death. A withdrawal syndrome may also occur including fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, painful itchy skin modules and weight loss.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
There is no pre-clinical data of relevance to a prescriber which is additional to that already included in other sections of the SmPC.
This medicine is indicated for the local treatment, by intra-articular or periarticular injection, of arthritic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis when few joints are involved. It is also suitable for the symptomatic treatment, by local injection, of certain non-articular inflammatory conditions such as inflamed tendon sheaths and bursae.
This medicine is not suitable for the production of systemic effects.
Hydrocortisone Acetate has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity.
Absorption following intra-articular or soft tissue injection is slow. Systemic absorption occurs slowly after local, intra-articular injection. Hydrocortisone Acetate is more than 90% bound to plasma proteins. Hydrocortisone Acetate is metabolised in the liver and most body tissues to hydrogenated and degraded forms, such as tetrahydrocortisone and tetrahydrocortisol. These are excreted in the urine, mainly conjugated as glucuronides, together with a very small proportion of unchanged hydrocortisone acetate.
31/07/2017
Hydrocortistab Injection
Hydrocortisone Acetate 25mg/ml Suspension for Injection
Amdipharm UK Limited
Capital House, 85 King William Street,
London EC4N 7BL, UK
Store at 15-25° C. Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Glass ampoules. Pack size: 10 x 1 ml ampoules.
PL 20072/0221
Pregnancy
The ability of corticosteroids to cross the placenta varies between individual drugs; however, cortisone readily crosses the placenta.
Administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development including cleft palate, intra-uterine growth retardation and affects on brain growth and development. There is no evidence that corticosteroids result in an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palate / lip in man. However, when administered for prolonged periods or repeatedly during pregnancy, corticosteroids may increase the risk of intra-uterine growth retardation. Hypoadrenalism may, in theory, occur in the neonate following prenatal exposure to corticosteroids but it is usually resolved spontaneously following birth and is rarely clinically important. As with all drugs, corticosteroids should only be prescribed when the benefits to the mother and child outweigh the risks. When corticosteroids are essential however, patients with normal pregnancies may be treated as though they were in the non-gravid states.
Corticosteroids are excreted in breast milk, although no data are available for cortisone. Doses of up to 200 mg daily of cortisone are unlikely to cause systemic effects in the infant. Infants of others taking higher doses than this may have a degree of adrenal suppression but the benefits of breast feeding are likely to outweigh any theoretical risk.
Hydrocortisone Acetate Ph Eur 2.5% w/v (25 mg/ml).
A patient information leaflet should be supplied with this product.
Since joints and tissues injected with corticosteroids have an increased susceptibility to infection, local injections of this medicine should be carried out with full aseptic precautions.
Adrenal suppression
Adrenal cortical atrophy develops during prolonged therapy and may persist for years after stopping treatment. Withdrawal of corticosteroids after prolonged therapy must therefore always be gradual to avoid acute adrenal insufficiency, being tapered off over weeks or months according to the dose and duration of treatment. During prolonged therapy, any intercurrent illness, trauma or surgical procedure will require a temporary increase in dosage. If corticosteroids have been stopped following prolonged therapy, they may need to be temporarily re-introduced.
Patients should carry 'Steroid Treatment' cards which give clear guidance on the precautions to be taken to minimise risk and which provide details of the prescriber, drug, dosage and the duration of treatment.
Anti-inflammatory / immunosuppressive effects and infection
Suppression of inflammatory response and immune function increases the susceptibility to infections and their severity. The clinical presentation can often be atypical and serious infections such as septicaemia and tuberculosis may be masked and may reach an advanced stage before being recognised. New infections may appear during their use.
Chickenpox is of particular concern since this normally minor illness may be fatal in immunosuppressed patients. Patients (or parents of children) without a definite history of chickenpox should be advised to avoid close personal contact with chickenpox or herpes zoster and if exposed they should seek urgent medical attention. Passive immunisation with varicella / zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) is needed by exposed, non-immune patients who are receiving systemic corticosteroids or who have used them the previous 3 months; should this be confirmed, the illness warrants specialist care and urgent treatment. Corticosteroids should not be stopped and the dose may need to be increased.
Patients should be advised to take particular care to avoid exposure to measles and to seek immediate medical advice if exposure occurs. Prophylaxis with intramuscular normal immunoglobulin may be needed.
Live vaccines should not be given to individuals with impaired immune responsiveness caused by high doses of corticosteroids. Killed vaccines or toxoids may be given though their effects may be attenuated.
Particular care is required when prescribing systemic corticosteroids in patients with the following conditions and frequent patient monitoring is necessary:
(a) Previous history of tuberculosis or characteristic appearance on chest X-ray. The emergence of active tuberculosis can, however, be prevented by the prophylactic use of antituberculous therapy.
(b) Diabetes mellitus (or a family history of diabetes).
(c) Osteoporosis (postmenopausal females are particularly at risk).
(d) Hypertension or congestive heart failure.
(e) Existing or previous history of severe affective disorders (especially previous history of steroid psychosis).
(f) Glaucoma (or a family history of glaucoma).
(g) Previous corticosteroid-induced myopathy.
(h) Peptic ulceration.
(i) Epilepsy.
(j) Liver failure.
Renal insufficiency.
(l) Recent myocardial infarction.
During treatment, the patient should be observed for psychotic reactions, muscular weakness, electrocardiographic changes, hypertension and untoward hormonal effects.
Corticosteroids should be used with caution in patients with hypothyroidism.
Use in children:
Corticosteroids cause growth retardation in infancy, childhood and adolescence; this may be irreversible.).
Use in the elderly:
The common adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids may be associated with more serious consequences in old age, especially osteoporosis, hypertension, hypokalaemia, diabetes, susceptibility to infection and thinning of the skin.).
Withdrawal symptoms:
In patients who have received more than physiological doses of systemic corticosteroids (approximately 40 mg cortisone or equivalent) for greater than 3 weeks, withdrawal should not be abrupt. How dose reduction should be carried out depends largely on whether the disease is likely to relapse as the dose of systemic corticosteroids is reduced. Clinical assessment of disease activity may be needed during withdrawal. If the disease is unlikely to relapse on withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids but there is uncertainty about HPA suppression, the dose of systemic corticosteroid may be reduced rapidly to physiological doses. Once a daily dose equivalent to 40 mg cortisone is reached, dose reduction should be slower to allow the HPA-axis to recover.
Abrupt withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid treatment, which has continued up to 3 weeks, is appropriate if it is considered that the disease is unlikely to relapse. Abrupt withdrawal of doses of up to 200 mg daily of cortisone, or equivalent for 3 weeks is unlikely to lead to clinically relevant HPS-axis suppression, in the majority of patients. In the following patient groups, gradual withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid therapy should be considered even after courses lasting 3 weeks or less:
- Patients who have had repeated courses of systemic corticosteroids, particularly if taken for greater than 3 weeks;
- When a short course has been prescribed within one year of cessation of long term therapy (months or years);
- Patients who may have reasons for adrenocortical insufficiency other than exogenous corticosteroid therapy;
- Patients receiving doses of systemic corticosteroid greater than 200 mg daily of cortisone (or equivalent);
- Patients repeatedly taking doses in the evening.
Patients/and or carers should be warned that potentially severe psychiatric adverse reactions may occur with systemic steroids.), although dose levels do not allow prediction of the onset, type, severity or duration of reactions. Most adverse reactions resolve after either dose reduction or withdrawal of the medicine, although specific treatment may be necessary. Patients/carers should be encouraged to seek medical advice if worrying psychological symptoms develop, especially if depressed mood or suicidal ideation is suspected. Patients/carers should also be alert to possible psychiatric disturbances that may occur either during or immediately after dose tapering/withdrawal of systemic steroids, although such reactions have been reported infrequently.
Particular care is required when considering the use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with existing or a previous history of severe affective disorders in themselves or in their first degree relatives. These would include depressive or manic-depressive illness and previous steroid psychosis.
Visual disturbance
Visual disturbance may be reported with systemic and topical corticosteroid use. If a patient presents with symptoms such as blurred vision or other visual disturbances, the patient should be considered for referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of possible causes which may include cataract, glaucoma or rare diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) which have been reported after use of systemic and topical corticosteroids.
No adverse effects known.
For intra-articular or periarticular injection. This medicine may also be injected into non-articular tissues (e.g. tendon sheaths/bursae).
Adults: 5-50 mg, depending on the size of the joint.
Children: 5-30 mg daily in divided doses.
Elderly: Steroids should be used cautiously in the elderly, since adverse effects are enhanced in old age.
No more than three joints should be treated in one day. The injection may be repeated at intervals of about three weeks.
Shake the ampoule well before use. Do not freeze.
22/07/2004
The metabolism of corticosteroids may be enhanced and the therapeutic effects reduced by certain barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital) and by phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, primidone, carbamazepine and aminoglutethimide.
Mifepristone may reduce the effect of corticosteroids for 3-4 days.
Erythromycin and ketoconazole may inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids.
Ritonavir may increase the plasma concentration of Hydrocortisone Acetate.
Oestrogens and other oral contraceptives increase the plasma concentration of corticosteroids, and dosage adjustments may be required if oral contraceptives are added to or withdrawn from a stable dosage regimen.
Co-treatment with CYP3A inhibitors, including cobicistat-containing products, is expected to increase the risk of systemic side-effects. The combination should be avoided unless the benefit outweighs the increased risk of systemic corticosteroid side-effects, in which case patients should be monitored for systemic corticosteroid effects.
The growth promoting effect of somatropin may be inhibited by the concomitant use of corticosteroids.
The desired actions of hypoglycaemic drugs (including insulin), antihypertensives and diuretics are antagonised by corticosteroids.
The effectiveness of coumarin anticoagulants may be affected by concurrent corticosteroid therapy and close monitoring of the INR or prothrombin time is required to avoid spontaneous bleeding.
Serum levels of salicylates, such as aspirin and benorilate, may increase considerably if corticosteroid therapy is withdrawn, possibly causing intoxication. Concomitant use of salicylates or of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration.
The potassium-depleting effects of acetazolamide, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics and carbenoxolone are enhanced by corticosteroids and signs of hypokalaemia should be looked for during their concurrent use. The risk of hypokalaemia is increased with theophylline and amphotericin. Corticosteroids should not be given concomitantly with amphotericin, unless required to control reactions.
The risk of hypokalaemia also increases if high doses of corticosteroids are given with high doses of sympathomimetics e.g. bambuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, ritodrine, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline. The toxicity of cardiac glycosides, e.g. digoxin, is increased if hypokalaemia occurs.
Concomitant use with methotrexate may increase the risk of haematological toxicity.
).
