Not applicable
Relevant information on the safety of Glimbax Potassium Tablets is included in previous sections of this Summary of Product Characteristics.
Relevant information on the safety of Glimbaxac Potassium Tablets is included in previous sections of this Summary of Product Characteristics.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
ATC code: M01A B05
Glimbax Potassium tablets contain the potassium salt of Glimbax, a non-steroidal compound with pronounced and clinically demonstrable analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties.
Glimbax is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis and a modulator of arachidonic acid release and uptake.
Glimbax Potassium tablets have a rapid onset of action and are therefore suitable for the treatment of acute episodes of pain and inflammation.
In migraine attacks Glimbax Potassium tablets have been shown to be effective in relieving the headache and in improving the accompanying symptom of nausea.
Glimbax in vitro does not suppress proteoglycan biosynthesis in cartilage at concentrations equivalent to the concentrations reached in human beings.
There is limited clinical trial experience of the use of Glimbax in JRA/JIA paediatric patients. In a randomised, double-blind, 2-week, parallel group study in children aged 3-15 years with JRA/JIA, the efficacy and safety of daily 2-3 mg/kg BW Glimbax was compared with acetylsalicylic acid (ASS, 50-100 mg/kg BW/d) and placebo - 15 patients in each group. In the global evaluation, 11 of 15 Glimbax patients, 6 of 12 aspirin and 4 of 15 placebo patients showed improvement with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The number of tender joints decreased with Glimbax and ASS but increased with placebo. In a second randomised, double-blind, 6-week, parallel group study in children aged 4-15 years with JRA/JIA, the efficacy of Glimbax (daily dose 2-3 mg/kg BW, n=22) was comparable with that of indomethacin (daily dose 2-3 mg/kg BW, n=23).
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
ATC code: M01A B05
Glimbaxac Potassium tablets contain the potassium salt of Glimbaxac, a non-steroidal compound with pronounced and clinically demonstrable analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties.
Glimbaxac is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis and a modulator of arachidonic acid release and uptake.
Glimbaxac Potassium tablets have a rapid onset of action and are therefore suitable for the treatment of acute episodes of pain and inflammation.
In migraine attacks Glimbaxac Potassium tablets have been shown to be effective in relieving the headache and in improving the accompanying symptom of nausea.
Glimbaxac in vitro does not suppress proteoglycan biosynthesis in cartilage at concentrations equivalent to the concentrations reached in human beings.
There is limited clinical trial experience of the use of Glimbaxac in JRA/JIA paediatric patients. In a randomised, double-blind, 2-week, parallel group study in children aged 3-15 years with JRA/JIA, the efficacy and safety of daily 2-3 mg/kg BW Glimbaxac was compared with acetylsalicylic acid (ASS, 50-100 mg/kg BW/d) and placebo - 15 patients in each group. In the global evaluation, 11 of 15 Glimbaxac patients, 6 of 12 aspirin and 4 of 15 placebo patients showed improvement with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The number of tender joints decreased with Glimbaxac and ASS but increased with placebo. In a second randomised, double-blind, 6-week, parallel group study in children aged 4-15 years with JRA/JIA, the efficacy of Glimbaxac (daily dose 2-3 mg/kg BW, n=22) was comparable with that of indomethacin (daily dose 2-3 mg/kg BW, n=23).
After administration of Glimbax topical solution (40 mg/knee every 12 h; total daily diclofenac exposure: 80 mg/knee) for 7.5 days, the mean (SD) AUC0-12 and mean (SD) Cmax were 77.27 (49.89) ng•h/mL and 12.16 (7.66) ng/mL, respectively, on Day 1; and 204.58 (111.02) ng•h/mL and 25.24 (12.95) ng/mL, respectively, at steady state on Day 8. After administration of Glimbax 1.5% topical solution (19.3 mg/knee every 6 h; total daily diclofenac exposure 77.2 mg/knee), the mean (SD) AUC0-12 and mean (SD) Cmax were 27.46 (23.97) ng•h/mL and 2.30 (2.02) ng/mL, respectively, on Day 1; and 141.49 (92.47) ng•h/mL and 17.04 (11.28) ng/mL, respectively, at steady state on Day 8.
The pharmacokinetics and effect of Glimbax were not evaluated under the conditions of heat application, occlusive dressings overlay, or exercise following product application. Therefore, concurrent use of Glimbax under these conditions is not recommended.
DistributionDiclofenac is more than 99% bound to human serum proteins, primarily to albumin.
Diclofenac diffuses into and out of the synovial fluid. Diffusion into the joint occurs when plasma levels are higher than those in the synovial fluid, after which the process reverses and synovial fluid levels are higher than plasma levels. It is not known whether diffusion into the joint plays a role in the effectiveness of diclofenac.
EliminationMetabolism
Five diclofenac metabolites have been identified in human plasma and urine. The metabolites include 4'-hydroxy-, 5hydroxy-, 3'-hydroxy-, 4',5-dihydroxy- and 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy diclofenac. The major diclofenac metabolite, 4'hydroxy-diclofenac, has very weak pharmacologic activity. The formation of 4'-hydroxy diclofenac is primarily mediated by CYP2C9. Both diclofenac and its oxidative metabolites undergo glucuronidation or sulfation followed by biliary excretion. Acylglucuronidation mediated by UGT2B7 and oxidation mediated by CYP2C8 may also play a role in diclofenac metabolism. CYP3A4 is responsible for the formation of minor metabolites, 5-hydroxy and 3'-hydroxydiclofenac.
Excretion
Diclofenac is eliminated through metabolism and subsequent urinary and biliary excretion of the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of the metabolites.
Little or no free unchanged diclofenac is excreted in the urine.
Not applicable.
Administrative data
