Overdosage in humans may result in a prolonged duration of action but is unlikely to be associated with acute toxic effects.
In acute toxicity studies in rodents non-specific toxic symptoms were observed after intraperitoneal administration of cetrorelix doses more than 200 times higher than the pharmacologically effective dose after subcutaneous administration.
Unopened vial: 2 years
Reconstituted product: use immediately
Cetrorelix is not to be used in the presence of any of the conditions listed below:
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any structural analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (
- During pregnancy and lactation.
- Patients with severe renal impairment.
Powder:
Mannitol
Solvent:
Water for injections
Summary of the safety profile
The most commonly reported adverse reactions are local injection site reactions such as erythema, swelling and pruritus that are usually transient in nature and mild in intensity. In clinical trials, these effects were observed with a frequency of 9.4% following multiple injections of Cetrotide 0.25 mg.
Mild to moderate OHSS (WHO grade I or II) have been commonly reported and should be considered as an intrinsic risk of the stimulation procedure. Inversely, severe OHSS remains uncommon.
Uncommonly, cases of hypersensitivity reactions including pseudo-allergic/anaphylactoid reactions have been reported.
List of adverse reactions
The adverse reactions reported below are classified according to frequency of occurrence as follows: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000).
| Immune system disorders | |
| Uncommon: | Systemic allergic/pseudo-allergic reactions including life-threatening anaphylaxis. |
| Nervous system disorders | |
| Uncommon: | Headache |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Uncommon: | Nausea |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | |
| Common: | Mild to moderate OHSS (WHO grade I or II) can occur which is an intrinsic risk of the stimulation procedure. |
| Uncommon: | Severe OHSS (WHO grade III) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |
| Common: | Local reactions at the injection site (e.g. erythema, swelling and pruritus). |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via (see details below):
United Kingdom
Yellow Card Scheme
Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
Ireland
HPRA Pharmacovigilance
Earlsfort Terrace
IRL - Dublin 2
Tel: +353 1 6764971
Fax: +353 1 6762517
Website: www.hpra.ie
e-mail: [email protected]
Malta
ADR Reporting
Website: www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt/adrportal
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction.
No target organ toxicity could be observed from acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs following subcutaneous administration of cetrorelix. No signs of medicinal product-related local irritation or incompatibility were noted in dogs after intravenous, intraarterial and paravenous injection when cetrorelix was administered in doses clearly above the intended clinical use in man.
Cetrorelix showed no mutagenic or clastogenic potential in gene and chromosome mutation assays.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormones, ATC code: H01CC02.
Mechanism of action
Cetrorelix is a luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist. LHRH binds to membrane receptors on pituitary cells. Cetrorelix competes with the binding of endogenous LHRH to these receptors. Due to this mode of action, cetrorelix controls the secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH).
Cetrorelix dose-dependently inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland. The onset of suppression is virtually immediate and is maintained by continuous treatment, without initial stimulatory effect.
Clinical efficacy and safety
In females, cetrorelix delays the LH surge and consequently ovulation. In women undergoing ovarian stimulation the duration of action of cetrorelix is dose dependent. At a dose of 0.25 mg per injection repeated injections every 24 hours will maintain the effect of cetrorelix.
In animals as well as in humans, the antagonistic hormonal effects of cetrorelix were fully reversible after termination of treatment.
Absorption
The absolute bioavailability of cetrorelix after subcutaneous administration is about 85%.
Distribution
The volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.1 L x kg-1.
Elimination
The total plasma clearance and the renal clearance are 1.2 mL x min-1 x kg-1 and 0.1 mL x min-1 x kg-1, respectively.
The mean terminal half-lives following intravenous and subcutaneous administration are about 12 h and 30 h, respectively, demonstrating the effect of absorption processes at the injection site.
Linearity
The subcutaneous administration of single doses (0.25 mg to 3 mg cetrorelix) and also daily dosing over 14 days show linear kinetics.
12/2017
Merck Serono Europe Limited
56 Marsh Wall
London E14 9TP
United Kingdom
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C); in the original package in order to protect from light. The unopened product may be stored in the original package at room temperature (not above 30°C) for up to three months.
This product must be at room temperature prior to injection. Remove from the refrigerator approximately 30 minutes before use.
Do not freeze or place next to the freezer compartment or a freezer pack.
Powder: 2 ml vials (Type I glass) with a stopper (bromobutyl rubber) and flip-off aluminium cap.
1 vial contains 0.25 mg cetrorelix.
Solvent: Pre-filled syringe (Type I glass) with plunger stopper (siliconised bromobutyl rubber) and tip cap (polypropylene and styrene butadiene rubber).
1 pre-filled syringe contains 1 ml of water for injections.
Additionally for each vial the pack contains:
1 injection needle (20 gauge)
1 hypodermic injection needle (27 gauge)
2 alcohol swabs
Pack sizes of 1 vial and 1 pre-filled syringe or 7 vials and 7 pre-filled syringes.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
EU/1/99/100/001
EU/1/99/100/002
Pregnancy and breast-feeding
Cetrotide is not intended to be used during pregnancy and lactation.
Fertility
Studies in animals have indicated that cetrorelix exerts a dose related influence on fertility, reproductive performance and pregnancy. No teratogenic effects occurred when the medicinal product was administered during the sensitive phase of gestation.
Allergic conditions
Cases of allergic/pseudoallergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis with the first dose have been reported.
Special care should be taken in women with signs and symptoms of active allergic conditions or known history of allergic predisposition. Treatment with Cetrotide is not advised in women with severe allergic conditions.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
During or following ovarian stimulation an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can occur. This event must be considered as an intrinsic risk of the stimulation procedure with gonadotropins
An OHSS should be treated symptomatically, e.g. with rest, intravenous electrolytes/colloids and heparin therapy.
Luteal phase support should be given according to the reproductive medical centre´s practice.
Repeated ovarian stimulation procedure
There is limited experience up to now with the administration of cetrorelix during a repeated ovarian stimulation procedure. Therefore cetrorelix should be used in repeated cycles only after a careful benefit/risk evaluation.
Congenital anomalies
The prevalence of congenital anomalies after the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) with or without GnRH antagonists may be slightly higher than after spontaneous conceptions although it is unclear whether this is related to factors inherent to the couple's infertility or the ART procedures. Limited data from clinical follow-up studies in 316 newborns of women administered cetrorelix for infertility treatments suggest that cetrorelix does not increase the risk of congenital anomalies in the offsprings.
Hepatic impairment
Cetrorelix has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment and caution is therefore warranted.
Renal impairment
Cetrorelix has not been studied in patients with renal impairment and caution is therefore warranted.
Cetrorelix is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment.
Cetrotide has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Cetrotide should only be prescribed by a specialist experienced in this field.
Posology
The first administration of Cetrotide should be performed under the supervision of a physician and under conditions where treatment of possible allergic/pseudo-allergic reactions (including life-threatening anaphylaxis) is immediately available. The following injections may be self-administered as long as the patient is made aware of the signs and symptoms that may indicate hypersensitivity, the consequences of such a reaction and the need for immediate medical intervention.
The contents of 1 vial (0.25 mg cetrorelix) are to be administered once daily, at 24 h intervals, either in the morning or in the evening. Following the first administration, it is advised that the patient be kept under medical supervision for 30 minutes to ensure there is no allergic/pseudo-allergic reaction to the injection.
Elderly
There is no relevant use of Cetrotide in the geriatric population.
Paediatric population
There is no relevant use of Cetrotide in the paediatric population.
Method of administration
Cetrotide is for subcutaneous injection into the lower abdominal wall.
The injection site reactions may be minimised by rotating the injection sites, delaying injection at the same site and injecting the product in a slow rate to facilitate the progressive absorption of the product.
Administration in the morning: Treatment with Cetrotide should commence on day 5 or 6 of ovarian stimulation (approximately 96 to 120 hours after start of ovarian stimulation) with urinary or recombinant gonadotropins and is to be continued throughout the gonadotropin treatment period including the day of ovulation induction.
Administration in the evening: Treatment with Cetrotide should commence on day 5 of ovarian stimulation (approximately 96 to 108 hours after start of ovarian stimulation) with urinary or recombinant gonadotropins and is to be continued throughout the gonadotropin treatment period until the evening prior to the day of ovulation induction.
This product must be at room temperature prior to injection. Remove from the refrigerator approximately 30 minutes before use.
Cetrotide should only be reconstituted with the solvent provided, using a gentle, swirling motion. Vigorous shaking with bubble formation should be avoided.
The reconstituted solution is without particles and clear. Do not use if the solution contains particles or if the solution is not clear.
Withdraw the entire contents of the vial. This ensures a delivery to the patient of a dose of at least 0.23 mg cetrorelix.
The solution should be used immediately after reconstitution.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Date of first authorisation: 13 April 1999
Date of latest renewal: 13 April 2009
No formal drug-drug interaction studies have been performed with cetrorelix. In vitro investigations have shown that interactions are unlikely with medicinal products that are metabolised by cytochrome P450 or glucuronised or conjugated in some other way. However, the possibility of interactions with gonadotropins or medicinal products that may induce histamine release in susceptible individuals, cannot be totally excluded.
