Symptoms (arrived when taking a single dose of 50 mg): dry mouth, drowsiness, urination delay, constipation, anxiety, increased irritability.
Treatment: vomit should be caused, gastric washed, symptomatic drugs should be prescribed. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis is ineffective.
Symptoms (when taking the drug once at a dose of 50 mg): confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, increased fatigue, headache, malaise, medriasis, itching, weakness, anxiety, sedative effect, drowsiness, stupor, tachycardia, tremor, urine delay.
Treatment: immediately after taking the drug - gastric lavage or vomiting induction. The appointment of activated carbon, symptomatic and supportive therapy are recommended. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis is ineffective.
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, lactase deficiency, galactosemia, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood up to 6 years.
With caution - when prescribed to patients in old age; in patients with chronic renal failure.
For all dosage forms
hypersensitivity to cetyrizin, hydroxysine or piperazine derivatives, as well as other components of the drug ;
terminal stage of renal failure (Cl creatinine <10 ml / min)
pregnancy;
period of breastfeeding.
With caution : chronic renal failure (with Cl creatinine> 10 ml / min, metering mode correction is required); old age (cubular filtration can be reduced); epilepsy and patients with increased convulsive readiness; patients with predisposing factors to urinate (see. "Special instructions").
For tablets covered with film shell, additionally:
hereditary unpertruence of galactose, lack of lactase or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome ;
childhood up to 6 years.
For drops additionally :
children under 6 months of age (due to the limited data on the effectiveness and safety of drugs).
With caution : childhood up to 1 year.
Pharmacokinetic interaction of cetyrizin with pseudoephedrine, cimethodine, ketokonazole, redytromycin, azithromycin, diazepam and glypizide was not found. The joint purpose of cetyricine with theophylline (400 mg / day) leads to a decrease in the overall clearance of cetyrizin (theophylline kinetics does not change).
When studying the drug interaction of cetyrizin with pseudoephedrine, cimetidine, ketokonazole, redytromycin, azithromycin, diazepam, glypidine and antipyrin, clinically significant unwanted interactions were not detected.
With simultaneous use with theophylline (400 mg / day), the total clearance of cetyrizin is reduced by 16% (theophylline kinetics does not change).
With simultaneous use with AUC ritonavir, cetyrizin increased by 40%, while the same indicator of the ritonavir slightly changed (−11%).
With simultaneous use with macrolides (azitromycin, red bloodmicin) and ketoconazole, changes to the ECG were not noted.
When using the drug in therapeutic doses, data on the interaction with alcohol were not obtained (at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5 g / l). Nevertheless, one should refrain from drinking alcohol during therapy with a drug in order to avoid oppression of the central nervous system.
A three-day “laundering” period is recommended before the appointment of allergological samples due to the fact that H1-histamines blockers inhibit the development of skin allergic reactions.
Drowsiness, a sense of fatigue, dry mouth, rarely - headache, dizziness, migraine, discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions (angioneurotic swelling, skin rash, urticaria, skin itching).
Possible side effects are given below by body systems and frequency of occurrence: very often (≥1/10); often (≥1/100, <1/10); infrequently (≥1/1000, <1/100); rarely (≥1/10000, <1/1000); very rarely (1/1000).
From the side of the immune system : rarely - hypersensitivity reactions; very rarely - anaphylactic shock.
From the side of the nervous system : often - headache, increased fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness; infrequently - pastezia; rarely - cramps; very rarely - perversion of taste, dyskinesia, dystonia, fainting, tremor, tick; frequency unknown - memory impairment, including.h. amnesia.
Psychiatric disorders : infrequently - excitement; rarely - aggression, confusion of creation, depression, hallucinations, sleep disturbance; frequency unknown - suicidal ideas.
From the side of the body of view : very rarely - impaired accomodality, blurred vision, nystagmus.
From the side of the hearing organ : frequency unknown - vertigo.
From the digestive system : often - dry mouth, nausea; infrequently - diarrhea, abdominal pain.
From the side of the MSS : rarely - tachycardia.
From the respiratory system : often - rhinitis, pharyngitis.
From the metabolic side : rarely - increasing body weight.
From the urinary system : very rarely - dysuria, enuresis; frequency unknown - urine delay.
From the side of laboratory indicators : rarely - a change in functional liver samples (increased activity of liver transaminases, SchF, GGT and bilirubin concentrations); very rarely - thrombocytophenia.
From the side of the skin : infrequently - rash, itching; rarely - urticaria; very rarely - angioneurotic swelling, persistent erythema.
General disorders : infrequently - asthenia, malaise; rarely - peripheral edema; frequency unknown - increase in appetite.
Seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (zud, sneezing, rhinorea, lacrimation, conjunctiva hypermia), urticaria (including.h. chronic idiopathic urticaria), pollinosis (senic fever), itching allergic dermatoses, angioneurotic edema.
treatment of symptoms of year-round and seasonal allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis (such as itching, sneezing, nose congestion, rhinorea, lacrimation, conjunctiva hypermia);
hay fever (flaymaking) ;
urticaria;
allergic dermatoses, including.h. atopic dermatitis, accompanied by itching and rashes.
Glocks histamine N1receptors. Prevents development and facilitates the course of allergic reactions. Influences the early stage of allergic reactions, limits the release of inflammation mediators at the “late” stage of the allergic reaction, and reduces the migration of eosinophiles, neutrophils and basophiles. Reduces the permeability of capillaries, prevents the development of tissue edema, relieves the spasm of smooth muscles. Eliminates the skin reaction to the introduction of histamine, specific allergens, as well as cooling (with cold urticaria). Almost does not have anticholinergic and anti-serotoninic effects. In therapeutic doses, it has virtually no sedative effect. The start of action after a one-time reception of 10 mg of cetyrizin - after 20 minutes (in 50% of patients) and after 60 minutes (in 95% of patients), the duration - more than 24 hours. Against the background of course treatment, tolerance does not develop. After termination of treatment, the action lasts up to 3 days.
Cetirizine is an active substance of the drug Cetirizine Sandoz® - is a metabolite of hydroxysine, belongs to the group of competitive antagonists of histamine and blocks H1histamine receptors.
Cetirisin warns development and facilitates the course of allergic reactions, and has antitudent and anti-exudative effect. Cetirisin affects the early histone-dependent stage of allergic reactions, limits the release of inflammation mediators at a late stage of an allergic reaction, and also reduces the migration of eosinophiles, neutrophils and basophiles, stabilizes the membranes of fat cells. Reduces the permeability of capillaries, prevents the development of tissue edema, relieves the spasm of smooth muscles. Eliminates the skin reaction to the introduction of histamine, specific allergens, as well as cooling (with cold urticaria). Reduces histin-induced bronchocongricia with bronchial asthma of the light current.
Cetirisin does not have an anti-cholinergic and anti-serotonin effect. In therapeutic doses, the drug has virtually no sedative effect. After taking cetyrizin in a single dose of 10 mg, its action develops after 20 minutes (in 50% of patients), after 60 minutes (in 95% of patients) and lasts more than 24 hours. Against the background of course treatment, tolerance for the antihistamine action of cetyrizin does not develop. After the cancellation of therapy, the effect persists up to 3 days.
Quickly absorbed from the LCD. Cmax reached after 1 h after taking in. Food does not affect the completeness of absorption, but lengthens by 1 hour of achievement Cmax and reduces its value by 23%. When taken at a dose of 10 mg 1 times a day for 10 days, the equilibrium concentration in the plasma is 310 ng / ml and is observed after 0.5–1.5 hours after admission. The binding with plasma proteins is 93% and does not change at a concentration of cetyrizin in the range of 25–1000 ng / ml. The pharmaceutical parameters of cetyrizin change linearly when assigned to it in a dose of 5 to 60 mg. Distribution volume - 0.5 l / kg. In small quantities, cetyrizin is metabolized in the liver by O-disalkylation with the formation of pharmacologically inactive metabolite (unlike other blockers of histamine H1receptors metabolized in the liver with the participation of the cytochrome P450 system). The drug does not cumulate; 2/3 of the drug is withdrawn unchanged by the kidneys and about 10% with the feces. System Cl Cetirizin is 53 ml / min. T1/2 in adults is 7-10 hours, in children 6-12 years old - 6 hours, 2-6 years old - 5 hours, from 0.5 years to 2 years old - 3.1 hours. In older patients, the half-life increases by 50%, the system clearance decreases by 40% (decreased kidney function). Cetirisin penetrates breast milk. In patients with impaired renal function (Cl creatinine <40 ml / min), the medication of the drug decreases, and the half-life is extended (for example, in patients on hemodialysis, the total Cl is reduced by 70% and amounts to 0.3 ml / min / kg, and the half-life is extended 3 times), which requires a corresponding change in the metering mode. Cetirisin is practically not removed during hemodialysis. In patients with chronic liver diseases (hepatocellular, cholestatic or biliar cirrhosis), an elongation of the half-life of cetrizin by 50% and a decrease in its total clearance by 40% are noted (correction of the dosing mode is required only with a concomitant decrease in the speed of tubular filtration).
The pharmaceutical parameters of cetyrizin change linearly.
Suction. After taking it inside, the drug is quickly and completely absorbed from the LCD. Eating does not affect the completeness of absorption, although its speed decreases. In adults, after a single medication in therapeutic dose Cmax in blood plasma is 300 ng / ml and is achieved through (1 ± 0.5) h.
Distribution. Cetirisin on (93 ± 0.3)% binds to blood plasma proteins. Vd is 0.5 l / kg. When taking the drug at a dose of 10 mg for 10 days, cetyrizin cumulation is not observed.
Metabolism. In small quantities, it is metabolized in the body by O-dealkylation (unlike other antagonists H1-histamines that are metabolized in the liver using a cytochrome system) with the formation of pharmacologically inactive metabolite.
The conclusion. In adults T1/2 is approximately 10 hours; in children from 6 to 12 years old - 6 hours, from 2 to 6 years old - 5 hours, from 6 months to 2 years old - 3.1 hours. Approximately 2/3 of the accepted dose of the drug is withdrawn by the kidneys unchanged.
In elderly patients and patients with chronic liver diseases with a single medication at a dose of 10 mg T1/2 increases by about 50%, and system clearance is reduced by 40%.
In patients with renal failure of mild severity (Cl creatinine> 40 ml / min), pharmacokinetic parameters are similar to those in patients with normal kidney function.
In patients with moderate renal failure and in patients undergoing hemodialysis (Cl creatinine <7 ml / min), when taking the drug inward at a dose of 10 mg T1/2 lengthens 3 times, and the total clearance is reduced by 70% relative to these indicators in patients with normal kidney function, which requires a corresponding change in the dosing mode.
Cetirisin is practically not removed from the body during hemodialysis.
Inside, tablets are washed down with a little water. Adults and children over 6 years old are assigned 10 mg each (1 table.) 1 time per day or 5 mg (1/2 table.) 2 times a day. In patients with reduced kidney function (Cl creatinine - 30–49 ml / min), 5 mg / day is prescribed, with severe chronic renal failure (Cl creatinine - 10–30 ml / min) - 5 mg / day after day.
Inside.
Children over 6 years old and adults : initial dose - 5 mg (1/2 table. or 10 drops) once a day, if necessary, can be increased to 10 mg (1 table. or 20 drops) 1 time a day. Sometimes the initial dose is 5 mg (1/2 tab. or 10 drops) may be sufficient to achieve a therapeutic effect. Daily dose - 10 mg (1 table. or 20 drops).
Children from 6 to 12 months : 2.5 mg (5 drops) 1 time per day.
Children from 1 year to 2 years : 2.5 mg (5 drops) up to 2 times a day.
Children from 2 to 6 years old : 2.5 mg (5 drops) 2 times a day or 5 mg (10 drops) 1 time a day.
Sick with renal failure, the dose decreases depending on the creatinine clearance: with Cl creatinine 30–49 ml / min - 5 mg 1 time per day, at 10–29 ml / min - 5 mg per day.
Because Cetirizine Sandoz® excreted by kidneys, when prescribing the drug, patients with renal failure and elderly patients should be adjusted to the extent of creatinine clearance. Creatinin clearance for men can be calculated based on the concentration of serum creatinine, according to the following formula:
Cl creatinine, ml / min
Creatinine clearance for women can be calculated by multiplying the value obtained by a coefficient of 0.85.
| Renal failure | Cl creatinine, ml / min | Dosing mode |
| Missing (norm) | ≥80 | 10 mg / day |
| Easy | 50–79 | 10 mg / day |
| Medium | 30–49 | 5 mg / day |
| Heavy | 10–29 | 5 mg per day |
| The terminal stage is patients on hemodialysis | <10 | taking the drug is contraindicated |
For adult patients with renal and liver failure, dosing is carried out according to the table above.
Children with renal failure are adjusted for creatinine clearance and body weight.
Patients with impaired liver function only do not need to correct the dosing mode.
