A-h

A-h Medicine

Overdose

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsSymptoms: daytime drowsiness, agitation, pupil dilation (mydriasis), impaired accommodation, dry mouth, redness of the face and neck (hyperemia), fever (hyperthermia), sinus tachycardia, disorder of consciousness, hallucinations, decreased mood, anxiety, impaired coordination of movements, tremor( tremor), involuntary movements (athetosis), convulsions( epileptic syndrome), coma. Involuntary movements are sometimes harbingers of convulsions, which may indicate a severe degree of poisoning. Even in the absence of seizures, severe doxylamine poisoning can cause the development of rhabdomyolysis, which is often accompanied by acute renal failure. In such cases, standard therapy with constant monitoring of the level of CK is indicated. If you experience symptoms of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor. Treatment: symptomatic (in t.tsch. administration of m-cholinomimetics) as a first aid — administration of activated carbon (in the amount of 50 g-for adults and 1 g/kg - for children)

Symptoms: daytime drowsiness, dilated pupils, paresis of accommodation, dry mouth, redness of the skin of the face and neck, fever, sinus tachycardia, disorder of consciousness, hallucinations, decreased mood, increased anxiety, impaired coordination of movements, tremor, involuntary movements, convulsive syndrome, coma.

Involuntary movements are sometimes harbingers of convulsions, which may indicate a severe degree of poisoning. Even in the absence of seizures, doxylamine poisoning can cause the development of rhabdomyolysis, which is often accompanied by the development of severe renal failure. In such cases, standard therapy with constant monitoring of the activity of CK is indicated.

There is a report of a case where as a result of the patient taking 500 mg of doxylamine (due to persistent insomnia), acute pancreatitis and acute renal failure developed.

Treatment: при появлении симптомов отравления следует немедленно обратиться к врачу. Симптоматическая (в т.ч. м-холиномиметики и противосудорожные ЛС) и поддерживающая терапия (в т.ч. ИВЛ). В качестве средства первой помощи показан прием активированного угля (взрослым — 50 г, детям при случайной передозировке — 1 г/кг). При приеме внутрь большого количества препарата — назначение промывания желудка или индукция рвоты. Аналептики противопоказаны, поскольку из-за возможного снижения судорожного порога, вызванного приемом препарата Валокордин®-Доксиламин, повышается риск возникновения судорожного синдрома. При артериальной гипотензии не назначают альфа- и бета-адреностимуляторы, в т.ч. эпинефрин (адреналин), из-за возможности парадоксального усиления выраженности гипотензии. Целесообразно назначение норэпинефрина (норадреналин). Необходимо избегать использования препаратов с бета-адреностимулирующим действием, поскольку они могут усилить вазодилатацию. При тяжелом отравлении (потеря сознания, сердечная аритмия) или возникновении антихолинергического синдрома (при обеспечении мониторирования ЭКГ) можно применить антидот — физостигмина салицилат. При повторяющихся эпилептических приступах назначают противосудорожные препараты. Из-за повышенного риска развития угнетения дыхания их назначение возможно только в тех случаях, когда имеется возможность проводить ИВЛ. Эффективность гемодиализа, гемофильтрации и перитонеального диализа при передозировке доксиламина не изучена, однако эти методы вряд ли будут эффективны в связи с большим Vd препарата. Эффективность форсированного диуреза не установлена.

Symptoms: daytime drowsiness, agitation, pupil dilation (mydriasis), accommodation disorders, dry mouth, redness of the face and neck (hyperemia), fever (hyperthermia), sinus tachycardia, disorder of consciousness, hallucinations, decreased mood, anxiety, impaired coordination of movements, tremor (tremor), involuntary movements (athetosis), convulsions (epileptic syndrome), coma.

Involuntary movements are sometimes harbingers of convulsions, which may indicate a severe degree of poisoning. Even in the absence of seizures, severe doxylamine poisoning can cause the development of rhabdomyolysis, which is often accompanied by acute renal failure.

Treatment: симптоматическое (в т.ч. м-холиномиметики), в качестве средства первой помощи показано назначение активированного угля (в количестве 50 г — для взрослых и 1 г/кг — для детей). В случае тяжелого отравления показана стандартная терапия с постоянным контролем уровня КФК.

If symptoms of poisoning appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Contraindications

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletshypersensitivity to doxylamine and other components of the drug or other antihistamines

hypersensitivity to doxylamine, any component of the drug, as well as other antihistamines

acute asthmatic attack

angle-closure glaucoma

congenital long QT syndrome

pheochromocytoma

prostatic hyperplasia in violation of the outflow of urine

acute poisoning with alcohol and sleeping pills, narcotic analgesics, neuroleptics, tranquilizers, antidepressants, lithium preparations

epilepsy

simultaneous administration of MAO inhibitors

bronchial asthma or other respiratory diseases that are characterized by hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract (do not use Valocordin® - Doxylamine, as it contains peppermint oil, inhalation of which can cause bronchospasm)

breastfeeding period

age up to 18 years.

With caution: беременность; печеночная недостаточность; алкоголизм; сердечная недостаточность; артериальная гипертензия; бронхоспазм в анамнезе; хроническая одышка; желудочно-пищеводный рефлюкс; пилоростеноз, ахалазия кардии; возраст старше 65 лет (возможность развития головокружений, опасность потери равновесия и падения при ночных пробуждениях, а также в связи с возможным увеличением T1/2 доксиламина).

Valokordin® - Doxylamine should be used with extreme caution in patients with local cortical damage and a history of seizures, since even small doses of the drug can provoke severe seizures of epilepsy. EEG is recommended. Anticonvulsant therapy should not be interrupted during the use of Valocordin®-Doxylamine.

hypersensitivity to doxylamine and other components of the drug or other antihistamines

angle-closure glaucoma or family history of angle-closure glaucoma

diseases of the urethra and prostate, accompanied by a violation of the outflow of urine

lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, glucose-galactose malabsorption

children and adolescents under 15 years of age.

With caution: случаи апноэ в анамнезе (в связи с тем, что доксиламин может усугублять синдром ночного апноэ (внезапная остановка дыхания во сне); возраст старше 65 лет (в связи с возможными головокружениями и замедленными реакциями с опасностью падений (например при ночных пробуждениях после приема снотворных), а также в связи с возможным увеличением T1/2); почечная и печеночная недостаточность (T1/2 может увеличиваться).

Incompatibilities

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsWhen taking the drug A-H® with sedative antidepressants (amitriptyline, doxepin, mianserin, mirtazapine, trimipramine), barbiturates, benzodiazepines, clonidine, morphine derivatives (analgesics, antitussive drugs), neuroleptics, anxiolytics, sedative H1-antihistamines, central antihypertensive drugs, thalidomide, baclofen, pisotifen increases the depressing effect on the central nervous system. When taken simultaneously with m-holinoblokiruyushchy agents (atropine, imipramine antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, atropine antispasmodics, disopyramide, phenothiazine neuroleptics) increases the risk of side effects such as urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth. Since alcohol increases the sedative effect of most H1-histamine receptor antagonists, in t.tsch. and the drug A-H®, it is necessary to avoid its simultaneous use with alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol

With the simultaneous use of the drug Valocordin®-Doxylamine with antidepressants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, anxiolytics, sedatives, narcotic analgesics, codeine-containing analgesics and antitussive drugs, neuroleptics, other H1-histamine receptor blockers, central antihypertensive drugs (including clonidine and alpha-methyldopa), thalidomide, baclofen, pisotifen increases the depressing effect on the central nervous system.

The use of doxylamine leads to a significant increase in the activity of CYP2B, as well as a moderate induction of CYP3A and CYP2A. It is impossible to exclude the possibility of interaction with drugs that are metabolized with the participation of these enzymes, for example, antiarrhythmic agents, protease inhibitors, neuroleptics, beta-blockers, immunosuppressants and antiepileptic drugs.

Since ethanol increases the sedative effect of most H blockers1-histamine receptors, it is necessary to avoid the simultaneous use of Valocordin® - Doxylamine and drugs containing ethanol, as well as the use of alcoholic beverages.

When used concomitantly with drugs with m-choline-blocking activity (atropine and atropine-containing antispasmodics, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, antiparkinsonian drugs, disopyramide, phenothiazine neuroleptics), the anticholinergic effect of doxylamine succinate may be unpredictably increased and prolonged, while increasing the risk of such adverse reactions as urinary retention, constipation, paralytic intestinal obstruction, dry mouth, increased IOP. In addition, the combined use of doxylamine with MAO inhibitors can cause the development of arterial hypotension, central nervous system depression and respiratory function

Taking antihistamines can mask the initial signs of damage to the inner ear (ringing in the ears, dizziness, confusion) caused by the simultaneous use of ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides, salicylates, diuretics).

During treatment with doxylamine succinate, the results of skin tests may be false negative.

Patients who take doxylamine succinate should not eliminate arterial hypotension with epinephrine (epinephrine) (a paradoxical increase in the severity of hypotension is possible). In cases of shock, norepinephrine (norepinephrine) should be used.

When used concomitantly with photosensitizing drugs, an additive photosensitizing effect may be observed.

When taking the drug A-H® with sedative antidepressants (amitriptyline, doxepin, mianserin, mirtazapine, trimipramine), barbiturates, benzodiazepines, clonidine, morphine derivatives (analgesics, antitussive drugs), neuroleptics, anxiolytics, sedative H1-antihistamines, central antihypertensive drugs, thalidomide, baclofen, pisotifen increases the depressing effect on the central nervous system.

When taken simultaneously with m-holinoblokiruyuschimi agents (atropine, imipramine antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, atropine antispasmodics, disopyramide, phenothiazine neuroleptics) increases the risk of side effects such as urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth.

Since alcohol increases the sedative effect of most H antagonists1-histamine receptors, including the drug A-H®, it is necessary to avoid its simultaneous use with alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol.

Undesirable effects

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsFrom the gastrointestinal tract: constipation, dry mouth. From the side of the CCC: a feeling of palpitation. On the part of the visual organ: visual disturbances and accommodation, blurred vision. From the kidneys and urinary tract: urinary retention. From the nervous system: drowsiness in the daytime (in this case, the dose of the drug should be reduced), confusion, hallucinations. On the part of laboratory parameters: an increase in the level of CK. From the musculoskeletal system: rhabdomyolysis. If any of these side effects worsen or any other side effects are observed that are not listed in the description, you should inform your doctor

The frequency of potential adverse reactions is classified as follows: very common (≥1/10)

From the blood and lymphatic system: в исключительных случаях при лечении блокаторами H1-гистаминовых рецепторов сообщалось о развитии лейкопении, тромбоцитопении, гемолитической анемии; очень редко — сообщалось о случаях апластической анемии и агранулоцитоза.

From the endocrine system: у пациентов с феохромоцитомой применение блокаторов H1-гистаминовых рецепторов может вызвать повышение выброса катехоламинов.

Mental disorders: к нежелательным реакциям, зависящим от индивидуальной восприимчивости и принятой дозы, относятся снижение скорости психомоторных реакций, снижение концентрации внимания, депрессия; кроме того возможно возникновение парадоксальных реакций — беспокойство, ажитация, тревога, бессонница, ночные кошмары, спутанность сознания, галлюцинации, тремор. После длительного ежедневного применения резкая отмена терапии может привести к рикошетной бессоннице.

Drug addiction. Подобно другим снотворным средствам, доксиламин может вызвать физическую и психическую зависимость. Риск зависимости повышается с увеличением дозы и длительности лечения, а также у пациентов с алкогольной, наркотической зависимостью (в т.ч. в анамнезе).

Ricochet insomnia. Даже после коротких курсов приема доксиламина, его отмена может привести к рецидиву бессонницы. Поэтому прекращать лечение следует, постепенно снижая дозу.

Anterograde amnesia. Даже в терапевтических дозах доксиламин может вызвать антероградную амнезию, особенно в течение первого часа после его приема. Риск возрастает с увеличением дозы, однако может быть снижен благодаря непрерывному сну достаточной продолжительности (7–8 ч).

From the nervous system: головокружение, сонливость, головная боль; редко — возможны судороги.

On the part of the visual organ: нарушения аккомодации, повышение ВГД.

On the part of the organ of hearing and balance: шум в ушах.

From the CCC side: тахикардия, аритмия, снижение или повышение АД, декомпенсированная сердечная недостаточность. В нескольких случаях обнаруживались изменения на ЭКГ.

Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: сгущение бронхиального секрета, бронхиальная обструкция, бронхоспазм, которые могут привести к нарушению функции легких.

From the gastrointestinal tract: автономные нежелательные реакции, такие как сухость во рту и запор; могут возникнуть тошнота, рвота, диарея, снижение или повышение аппетита, боль в эпигастрии; очень редко — угрожающая жизни паралитическая кишечная непроходимость.

From the liver and biliary tract: на фоне антигистаминной терапии сообщалось о нарушениях функции печени (холестатическая желтуха).

From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: кожные аллергические реакции, фотосенсибилизация, нарушение терморегуляции.

From the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: мышечная слабость.

From the kidneys and urinary tract: нарушение мочеиспускания.

General disorders and disorders at the injection site: заложенность носа, усталость, вялость.

Development of addiction: регулярное применение может привести к снижению эффективности (привыкание).

Careful individual selection of the daily dose allows you to reduce the frequency and severity of adverse reactions. The risk of adverse reactions is higher in older patients, which may increase their risk of falls.

From the gastrointestinal tract: constipation, dry mouth.

From the CCC side: ощущение сердцебиения.

On the part of the visual organ: нарушения зрения и аккомодации, нечеткое зрение.

From the nervous system: сонливость в дневное время (в этом случае доза препарата должна быть уменьшена), спутанность сознания, галлюцинации.

From the kidneys and urinary tract: задержка мочи.

On the part of laboratory parameters: увеличение уровня КФК.

From the musculoskeletal system: рабдомиолиз.

If any of the adverse reactions listed in the description worsen or any other adverse events that are not listed in the description appear, you should inform your doctor.

Therapeutic indications

Symptomatic treatment of recurrent sleep disorders (difficulty falling asleep and nocturnal awakenings) in patients over 18 years of age.

Note. Не все расстройства сна требуют медикаментозной терапии. Часто расстройства сна обусловлены ухудшением состояния здоровья или психическими расстройствами и могут быть устранены другими мерами или непосредственным лечением основного заболевания. Поэтому не следует проводить лечение хронических нарушений сна (затруднение засыпания и ночные пробуждения) препаратом Валокордин®-Доксиламин в течение длительного времени без консультаций с лечащим врачом; в таких случаях рекомендуется обратиться к врачу.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

  • Sleeping pills and sedatives other [H1-antihistamines]
  • Sleeping pills and sedatives other [Sleeping pills]

Pharmacodynamic properties

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsBlocker of H1-histamine receptors from the group of ethanolamines. The drug has a sedative, sedative and m-anticholinergic action. Reduces the time of falling asleep, increases the duration and quality of sleep, while not changing the sleep phase. Duration of action — 6-8 hours.

Blocker of H1-histamine receptors from the group of ethanolamines. The drug has a sedative, sedatives, antihistamines and m-anticholinergic action. Reduces the time of falling asleep, increases the duration and quality of sleep, without changing the sleep phase.

The action begins within 30 minutes after taking doxylamine, its duration is 3-6 hours.

Blocker of H1-histamine receptors from the group of ethanolamines. Has a sedative, antihistamine, sedative and m-anticholinergic action.

Reduces the time of falling asleep, increases the duration and quality of sleep, does not change the sleep phase. Duration of action — 6-8 hours.

Pharmacokinetic properties

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsCmax in plasma is reached on average in 2 hours after oral administration. T1/2-about 10 h. Absorption is high, it is metabolized in the liver. It penetrates through the blood-tissue barriers (including BBB). It is excreted by 60% by the kidneys in unchanged form, partially-through the gastrointestinal tract. Special groups of patients In patients over 65 years of age, as well as in hepatic and renal insufficiency, T1/2 may be prolonged. When repeated courses of treatment, a stable concentration of the drug and its metabolites in the blood plasma is achieved later and at a higher level.

Doxylamine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. Cmax in the blood serum is detected 2-2. 4 hours after administration at a dose of 25 mg and is 99 ng / ml.

Doxylamine is mainly metabolized in the liver. The main metabolites are N-desmethyl doxylamine, N,N-didesmethyl doxylamine, and their N-acetyl conjugates. It penetrates well through histohematic barriers, including BBB. T1 / 2 ranges from 10.1 to 12 hours. The main part of the dose (about 60%) is excreted unchanged in the urine, partially through the intestine.

After oral administration, doxylamine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cmax in blood plasma is determined on average 2 hours after oral administration.

It is metabolized in the liver. It penetrates well through histohematic barriers, including the BBB. It is excreted by 60% by the kids in an unchanged form, partially-through the gastrointestinal tract. 1/2 of doxylamine is about 10 hours.

Special patient groups

In patients over 65 years of age, as well as in hepatic and renal insufficiency.1/2 can be extended. When repeated courses of treatment, a stable concentration of the drug and its metabolites in the blood plasma is achieved later and at a higher level.

Name of the medicinal product

A-H

Qualitative and quantitative composition

Doxylamine

Dosage (Posology) and method of administration

TabletDrops for oral administrationFilm-coated tabletsInside. By 1/2-1 table. a day, washed down with a small amount of liquid, 15-30 minutes before bedtime. If the treatment is ineffective, the dose can be increased to 2 tablets on the doctor's recommendation. Duration of treatment - from 2 to 5 days

Inside, with 100-150 ml of liquid (water) for 30 minutes-1 hour before the desired time of sleep.

If the doctor does not prescribe otherwise, then a single dose of the drug Valocordin®-Doxylamine for patients over 18 years of age is 22 drops (corresponds to 25 mg of doxylamine succinate). If the therapy is not effective enough, the dose can be increased to a maximum of 44 drops (50 mg). Do not exceed the maximum daily dose.

After taking the drug Valocordin® - Doxylamine, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sleep duration, which will avoid disrupting psychomotor reactions in the morning.

In acute sleep disorders, if possible, you should limit yourself to a single application. To check the need to continue treatment with regular sleep disorders, it is recommended to proceed to a gradual dose reduction no later than 14 days after the start of daily use.

Usually, the duration of treatment is 2-5 days, the maximum duration of treatment with doxylamine is 14 days.

Special patient groups

Patients with renal and / or hepatic insufficiency, as well as patients over 65 years of age may be more susceptible to the effects of doxylamine, and therefore a reduction in its dose is recommended.

Inside, washed down with a small amount of liquid, 15-30 minutes before bedtime, 1/2-1 table.

If the treatment is ineffective, the dose can be increased to 2 tablets on the doctor's recommendation.

The duration of treatment is from 2 to 5 days

Special patient groups

Renal and hepatic insufficiency. В связи с данными об увеличении концентрации в плазме крови и уменьшении плазменного клиренса доксиламина рекомендуется коррекция дозы в сторону уменьшения.

Age older than 65 years. Блокаторы Н1-гистаминовых рецепторов следует с осторожностью назначать данной группе пациентов в связи с возможными головокружениями и замедленными реакциями с опасностью падений (например при ночных пробуждениях после приема снотворных). Ввиду данных об увеличении концентрации в плазме крови, уменьшении плазменного клиренса и увеличении T1/2 рекомендуется коррекция дозы в сторону уменьшения.